Methodological issues with financial ratios Essay

Methodological issues with financial ratios - Essay Example The paper is an attempt to analyze the accuracy of the statement taking the evidence from the last 10 years from the research work published. Use of Financial Ratios Financial ratios are used by the company stakeholders as they have different kind of interest in the concerned company. The shareholders assess the ratios and take the decision whether the performance of the company would be profitable for them, thereby take the investment decisions. The company management analyzes the flaws of the performance of past years and tries to improve it in the future years using ratio analysis tool. The creditors of the company try to find that the company is creditworthy anymore or not (Moyer, McGuigan and Kretlow, 2008, p.58). By doing the comparable analysis of ratios an investor or a prospective investor take the decision that which firm is better to invest, from where they can get the best return when the company management has the interest that how their company is performing with respec t to the industry standard (Hitchner, 2011, p.103). When doing the ratio analysis for the above mentioned various purposes then the user should make sure that he has considered the various factors which affect the variables of the ratio. ... The two companies may be in same industry, but their size and their focus areas can be different, so it would not provide the accurate result by doing the ratio analysis without taking the factors associated with it (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2010, p.109). Two companies may not follow the same accounting standards, or a company can change the accounting standards they are following in recent years. The taxation rules of different states or countries are different as well as the political condition also. A multinational company has to face different inflation, different taxation rules throughout the world. So whether doing the trend analysis or cross sectional analysis an analyst should consider these factors. There are also technical factors associated with this issue. The analysts use many statistical tools which take the assumption that the data is normally distributed but in reality it doesn’t happen, and the outcome of the analysis not become fruitful. A research study was per formed by taking the data of 66 listed Malaysian firms and the data was of the period 1980 to 1996. The sample firms were taken from 3 different industries. It is seen by the researchers while doing that research that only current asset percentage was conformed to normal distribution, which supports the fact that all data used in the statistical tool for performing ratio analysis is not normally distributed which is assumed by the analysts generally. For doing the ratio analysis effectively the researcher used three types of transformation techniques namely square, square root and natural log. The square and square root process proved as ineffective as they consider the data as normally distributed, which the natural log process don’t. The researchers

Video Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video Reaction Paper - Essay Example The lightness and â€Å"breaking of the dawn† emotion of the second movement, Venus The Bringer of Peace, is contrasted amongst the heavens of this suite. It is light and airy and I like really liked it although not as much as the first piece. The 3rd movement, Mercury The Winged Messenger, uses the greek mythology to create a flighty almost lyrical piece in which the dominance of Mars is reheard in certain momentary sections, yet the air of Mercury prevails. In contrast to the militaristic 5/4 pulse of Mars, the  ¾ time of Mercury is delightful and joyous and pleasant to listen to as well. Jupiter is a piece which rests on traditional english folk themes and enhanced orchestration elements to create sonority without being bogged down by military motifs seen in Mars. Jupiter brings to mind certain English hymns and is emotionally uplifting. Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age, lives up to its title and is plodding and almost mechanical. The theme element is haunting and uncomplicated using elongation over movement in its undercurrent. My least favorite of the movements, its rather plodding nature is almost sleep inducing. In stark and violent contrast, Uranus The Magician, evokes the images of dark magic while echoing the thematic elements of Paul Dukas Sorcerer and even Dvorak Slovakian Dances. Along with Mars, this movement engages the listener to pay close attention to the enlarged orchestra and its powerful sound. In the terminal movement, Neptune the Mystic, evokes the tonality of distance and finality and the end of all things. Not content with evoking leaving everyone happy, the composer leaves with the distant voices of the female choir in dissonant tones evoking the far away planet that is Neptune. In addition to the usual large orchestra elements, the ENTIRE piece adds organ, 2 extra flutes (Piccolo and bass Flute),

Science Fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Science Fiction - Essay Example It’s so damn boring.† I wonder whether it is a custom among students to speak in slang or is it a part of university curriculum. I also saw some girls and boys sitting together on some benches sharing notes with each other. I ask myself, â€Å"It might be so that students on Earth share their things with each other but why do they do so when they should hide things?† I cannot come up with an answer since on my planet we hide notes from each other. I see many customs in this campus which are quite surprising for me and which I am sure I will keep on thinking about till many days to come. I see some parents coming into the campus too. One of them is carrying a magazine which says, â€Å"Parent Times†. A magazine for parents? What do parents have to do with a college magazine? And specifically written for them? Too surprising, I must say. And the parents are coming in for the family weekend! That was too hilarious! So, the parents are also involved in the univ ersity activities. â€Å"I will take this idea to my planet†, is the first thought that comes into my mind. The most obvious custom that I observe among students is that female students are being seated in the residence hall while males are standing.

News Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

News Article Analysis - Essay Example In such a situation, contrary to economic rules, budget deficits and printing money do not drive up inflation and slashing government spending has a disastrous effect on incomes and employment. Low inflation discourages borrowing and spending and encourages sitting on cash. The persistent weakness in the economy forces businesses to cut prices and prevents workers from bargaining for better wages. Paul Krugman argues for the need to provide monetary and fiscal stimulus to the economy to reduce unemployment and increase economic activity. He fears that letting these problems fester in the belief that these are short term problems would cause larger problems in the longer term. Conventional economic theory suggests that money supply is the most important factor in causing inflation, the classic explanation of â€Å"too much money chasing too few goods†. The $ 2 trillion that was injected into the economy should have caused the high inflation that many economists feared. However this perhaps was not real money injected into the system but more in the nature of a book adjustment for the distressed financial institutions. The two other factors that could have driven inflation were however absent in the US economy, the demand-pull factor and the cost-push factor. The demand-pull factor has been weak because of high levels of unemployment and the pessimism about the future in large sections of the people. There was no cost-push factor perhaps due to the fact that the crisis was global in nature. The Euro zone has been in recession and the China growth rate has slowed, reducing demand for a whole range of commodities. Conventional economic theory was formulated in a time period where each country’s economy was significantly insulated from others through geographic distance, tariff barriers and other obstacles to trade. These theories perhaps need re-examination in the light of the interconnection in global economy. Paul

Patient educational plan for larry garcia Term Paper

Patient educational plan for larry garcia - Term Paper Example The determination of interventional ways to fill the education gaps is, therefore, timely and necessary in protecting the health of the patient from further deterioration. For patients to have a sense of personal belonging to any health or disease interventions prepared for them, it is important to directly involve them. For this reason, the patient’s educational plan is prescribed that spells out specific roles to be played by both the patient and practitioner. An introduction to the disease process High blood pressure is one of the vascular regulatory system related diseases that proceeds in a manner that â€Å"the mechanisms that usually control arterial pressure within a certain (normal) range are altered† (Medi-Info, 2012). Medically, what this means is that there is a misplacement of the correct means by which arterial pressure is expected to function. Due to this misplacement, the arterial pressure is often identified to be operating out of range. The mechanisms responsible for controlling the arterial pressure are diverse and interrelated in function (Wierbicky, 2008). Some of these include but are not limited to the central nervous system, extracellular volume and renal pressor system (Medi-Info, 2012). ... The subsequent reaction to such displaced function is that there will be â€Å"increased cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance† (Medi-Info, 2012). As this becomes uncontrolled at an early stage, there is the elevation of the arterial pressure, which subsequently reduces cerebral perfusion and cerebral oxygen supply by greater proportion (Selius & Subedi, 2008). As the process leads on, there will be an eventual decrease in the blood flow to the kidneys with oxygenation of the kidney also affected because of an increase of myocardial workload (Medi-Info, 2012). Age and developmental issues The education plan for the patient considerably emphasizes age and development issues. This is because age and development have been identified as some of the worst risk factors associated with high blood pressures (Mayo Clinic, 2012). Since the age and development processes of the patient cannot be controlled or stopped in any way, the approach to be taken is to identify with th e patient how age and development increase the risk of high blood pressure. Such an education would create an awareness of ‘no escape’ and, therefore, of ‘prevention’ as the only solution. This is to say that when the patient is educated concerning the fact that his growing age will increase his risk of contracting high blood pressure and that there is nothing he can do about the fact, he will take preventive measures seriously. The following reasons will be given to the patient as to why his age and development will increase the chances of getting high blood pressure: the fact that there is generally less activeness in the body as a result of ageing; hardening of the arteries; decrease in the functioning of the kidney; body’ refusal to process salt eaten; and the fact that

Database Essay Example for Free

Database Essay Database systems are the spinal cord of any health care organization. It can be define as the collection of health data. The use of such systems has improve the health care system for decades helping set standards and even regulations to help the system be more efficiently productive. There are different database architectures available to meet the needs of each organization individually. There is a need for the continuum of database across the health care system. Definition A database is a structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes of those entities, and the relationships between the entities (Pratt Adamski, 2012, Chapter 1). How data is received, stored, processed, and made available to others has an effect on the success or failure of an organization. The use of different architecture is a most to fit the needs of the organization, however the value of the data still remains in been able to access and extract information from the database system, and the only way this can be reached is by organizing, storing, and analyzing it effectively. For many organizations these systems have become an essential part of their structural and operational success. The effectiveness of databases is based on the fact that from one single, inclusive database much information regarding a range of organizational principles can be obtained. In the health care industry database systems allows information to be shared and available to different users; it can provide an accurate, consistent, and up-to-date information about a patient’s condition and treatment, as well as provide a security measure so that the information is only viewable to those who should see it. Database Architectures A database consists of one or more tables; each containing data stored as individual records. Different database architectures determine how the tables and records are organized or related to one another. According to Penn State University (2008), â€Å"There are four structural types of database management systems: 1. Hierarchical- A hierarchical database is organized in pyramid fashion, like the branches of a tree extending downwards. Related fields or records are grouped together so that there are higher-level records and lower-level records. 2. Network- is similar to hierarchical databases by also having a hierarchical structure. There are a few key differences, however. Instead of looking like an upside-down tree, a network database looks more like a cobweb or interconnected network of records. 3. Relational- connects data in different files by using common data elements or a key field. Data in relational databases is stored in different tables, each having a key field that uniquely identifies each row. Relational databases are more flexible than either the hierarchical or network database structures. 4. Object-oriented- are useful for handling small snippets of information such as names, addresses, zip codes, product numbers, and any kind of statistic or number you can think of. It can be used to store data from a variety of media sources, such as photographs and text, and produce work, as output, in a multimedia format† (Database Fundamentals). The organization and delivery of healthcare services is an information intensive effort. Generally, the efficiency of healthcare operations is drastically affected by the level of the integration of information across all sectors (Wright, n.d.). Healthcare organizations that have not yet make the effort to integrate their data and relate information in an effective and efficient way will find it difficult to stay afloat or even compete within this part of the market. The healthcare market is undergoing changes were information technology has become essential to their every day functional activities. The need of database users across the health care continuum would increase with the demands of technology to be to focus on striving to provide a patient focus services in different entities. Recent advances in policy, practice and research are compelling health care leaders across the continuum of care to move beyond aspiring to be more patient- or person-centered to taking action to realize that vision. A growing body of evidence is linking adoption of a patient-centered approach to care to improved outcomes, including reduced lengths of stay, avoidable readmissions and emergency department visits, and increases in patient satisfaction and employee engagement (Planetree.org, 2012). Database systems serve as a connection pathway to future strategies of care. The need to keep up and try as much as possible to meet the demand is a most in the health care field. Since many changes are been made to health care, database systems would continue evolve, to improve and standardized the ability to organize, save, and share information throughout the system providing a more efficient and effective line of service for their customers and the demands of their markets for years to come.

Define The Concept Of Culture Essay Example for Free

Define The Concept Of Culture Essay ‘Culture’ is the ways in which a society lives. A culture may share the same religions, beliefs, values, class or status, a culture can dress in a certain way and act in a way that follows the norms of how their society carries out life and what they deem as acceptable, culture can shared by a large group of people or a smaller group within society. For example there are ‘subcultures’, a subculture is a small group which have different way of life opposed to the majority of society; they may dress, talk and act in a different way. An example of subculture is a religious group, being a part of a religion may mean that people that are part of it dress differently, and have different values and ideas on life and live in a different way to the majority in society. Another example of a culture is ‘popular culture’ this is a culture that involves a large majority, and is highly influenced by the media, for example football is a sport that is frequently covered by the media by television, radio, news etc. And is a popular sport with a large following; other examples of pop culture are: pop music, bingo and mainstream fashion. Pop culture has a variety of people from different backgrounds being part of the same thing called a common culture which is shared by the masses. ‘High culture’ is another example of a culture that is shared with people and their families from a ‘higher class’. People that are part of the high culture are wealthy and have an ascribed status or come from a family with an ascribed status, meaning that they or the head of the family worked towards their success/wealth. They take part in activities associated with upper class such as: polo, lacrosse, hunting, and watching arts such as operas, ballets, orchestras. High culture attempts not allow people who are not from the same class or have the same status as them to join in with their clubs and activities this is called ‘social closure’ but this is difficult as more people can achieve super rich lifestyles, buying their way into high culture that may of came from a low class background. Pop culture is known as ‘low culture’ as people from ‘high culture’ are meant to be higher compared to them in class and status, th erefore people from low culture would not be wanted in high culture activities.