Ronald Reagan s President Of The United States - 1166 Words

Within the past 30 plus years, there have been three main things that either have or still currently impact our society and generation in America as a whole; Modern Day Immigration, the concept of â€Å"Reaganomics†, and the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11th, 2001 (also known as 9/11). For a variety of reasons, these things have turned into either political, economic, or societal issues (or often times a combination of the three). Over the years, these things have helped shape society into what we know and see it as today, for better or worse. One of the big aspects of Ronald Reagan’s tenure as President of the United States was his economic plan to combat inflation with the concept of Supply Side Economics (Brands, ch 31.5),†¦show more content†¦This would supposedly result in an economic boom that would result in more income for both the higher and lower class that would offset the rise of inflation. However, these tax cuts lead to record fede ral budget deficits, which also resulted in cutting funds from various social services and programs. While these deficits and social program cuts occurred, the national unemployment also rose to record highs, and the gap between working and upper classes only increased. To an extent, the large gap between economic classes still exists today, as the average income for those residing in the top 1% has risen astronomically (lecture topic 14b). It was also around this time that big chain companies such as Wal-Mart and McDonalds rose to prominence. In contrast to the original intent of Reagan’s plan, the heads of these large companies (i.e. most of the people residing at the top of the upper class economically) kept their extra money instead of using it to improve working conditions for their employees. This resulted in outsourcing jobs, expanding locations to different countries outside the U.S., and the lowering of workplace standards (Klein p. 236-237). Today, many of these pr actices are still in place, with numerous politicians still pushing a similar agenda of tax cuts for big corporations (many of which support said politicians). On the morning of September 11th, 2001, Islamic terrorists

How Communication Can Be Positive Or Negative, Effective...

Introduction Communication is the sending of information from one person to another. The communication that parents have and teach their children is important because it is essential for an everyday life. Parents who are teaching their children good communication skills are teaching future adults effective communication skills. Communication can be verbal, such as, one person talking to another, or it can be non-verbal, and such as, a scowl on a person s face that will probably let other people know he is angry. Communication can be positive or negative, effective or ineffective. (Zolten, Kristen) â€Å"Children learn attitudes, values, and behaviors, as well as gain knowledge, through communicating with others - the most important of whom are their parents. Communication between parent and child begins the day the child is born, or earlier, and continues as the child grows, matures and changes† (Children and Families: Parenting Issues: Communicating with Our Children). For this paper I will be analyzing three pieces of literature. The first being a website, Child Development Institute website: Successful Two-Way Communication with Your Child by Robert Myers. The second being a Magazine article, 7 Powerful Tips for Great Parent-Child Communication published on TIME Magazine, by Dr. Ron Taffel. The last piece of literature, a peer-reviewed scholarly journal article, Raising Competent Kids: The Authoritative Parenting Style, by Jeanne Ballantine. I will be reviewing these piecesShow MoreRelatedDemonstrative Communication Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesDemonstrative Communication XXXXXX XXXXXXX BCOM/275 January 16, 2013 Provide examples showing how demonstrative communication can be effective and ineffective, positive and negative, for the sender and receiver. Demonstrative Communication is the process of people’s thoughts and messages of communicating by actively listening in verbal and nonverbal communication. 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There are a few key features common in a group regardless if it is an effective to ineffective group atmosphere, communication, leadership, decision making, and criticism. How these features are handled will in fact decide if a group is effective or ineffective. In an effective group the atmosphere is informal, engaging, relaxed, open, and comfortable. An ineffective group will be formal, disengagedRead MoreDemonstrative Communication Paper880 Words   |  4 PagesDemonstrative Communication Paper Cassandra Wright BCOM/275 Version 1 July 19, 2012 Robert Jenkins Demonstrative Communication Paper We are going to explore some effective and ineffective examples of demonstrative communication in a positive and negative way for the sender and receiver. Also explain how demonstrative communication involves listening and responding. 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It also includes unwritten communication, which is to speak and includes actual words, intended and inferred meanings, time and place, vocal inflection and. tone. These signs of communication depending on how perceived by the receiver from the sender can be positive or negative, effective or ineffective. The demonstrativeRead MoreThe Basic Three Functions Of Communication1566 Words   |  7 Pages OB Final Exam 1. Communications fulfils three main functions within an organization, name them and explain their impact from an effective and ineffective perspective. The basic three functions of communication in organization are to inform, persuade, and motivate. Inform The idea of informing within an organization is to provide data and information so that employees can effectively complete their job. There are three ways through which information can travel: Downward moving information: InRead MoreDemonstrative1586 Words   |  7 PagesDemonstrative Communication Paper. Karena Busch BCOM/275 July 9th, 2012 Wayne Brock Communication is a form of passing information from one person to the next and from one place to another by acknowledging the sender’s intent, comprehending the context of the message, and acting upon it to be able to create a shared understanding! Communication starts with the sender, who must format the message clearly and correctly, by using proper grammar, punctuation, noun sequencing, and syntax. ThisRead MoreWhat Makes An Athlete Successful? Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes an athlete successful? Most would say it is the dedication an athlete has to their sport, or their physical ability and talent, but what most people don’t think of is the communication that the athlete has been surrounded by while playing their game. Interpersonal communication in sport plays a large role in the success of an athlete, and the impact of it starts as soon as we get involved in sport. For some of us that involvement begins when we are toddlers, and for others it may comeRead MoreHello Kitty Essay examples658 Words   |  3 Pages050-word paper describing demonstrative communication. Demonstrative communication includes nonverbal and unwritten communication and involves such things as facial expressions, tone of voice, b ody language, and so forth. Include the following elements in your paper: Provide examples showing how demonstrative communication can be effective and ineffective, positive and negative, for the sender and receiver. * Explain how demonstrative communication involves listening and responding.

Equality is Constitutional free essay sample

Equality is ConstitutionalFreedom has never been categorized into a fixed concept. Rather, it has been the subject of constant conflict in the history of the United States of America. The history of freedom in the United States of America is a narrative of long debates, disagreements, and struggles other than a set of timeless categories or an evolutionary narrative towards a common preordained goal. (Pg. 437) The plight of freedom and equality in the American society has been relevant at all levels of the social order; not only in congressional debates and political parties but in the day-to-day lives of the American people. Civil Rights are the freedoms that any and every person should have regardless of her or his sexual orientation, ethnicity, and or religious affiliations. In 1950s the civil rights movement was primarily focuses on ratifying racial inequalities nation wide for people of color. (Pg. 437) Over fifty years after Martin Luther King, Jrs legendary march on Washington, the civil rights movement has since then shifted. The original issues that the civil rights movement fought against has shifted from the public eye while same sex marriage and immigration reconstruction has the leading edge. The 14th Amendment was added to the Constitution in 1868, this amendment granted, All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. (Pg.438) (The Constitution of the United States, Amendment 14.)Not long after in 1870, the 15th Amendment was added to the Constitution enabling African American citizens the †¦right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. (Pg. 438)(The Constitution of the United States, Amendment 15.)Still, many white Americans who mostly resided in the South, remained displeased that people they once owned as slaves were now on an equal playing field. In order to further post pone the progress recently made, Jim Crow (Jim Crow was a derogatory term for a black person.) laws were established in the South beginning in the late 19th century. (Pg.439) Once the Supreme Court took the teeth out of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, such laws proliferated. They required blacks to live in separate (generally inferior) areas and restricted them to (sic) separation. (Pg.439) These laws prohibited African Americans from using the same public lavatories, living in many of the same cities or go to the same schools as white Americans. These laws were implemented as an alternative route to erase the civil reconstruction that was previously made. Conversely, Jim Crow laws werent adopted in northern states; nonetheless, African American citizens still experienced intense discrimination at jobs or when they tried to buy homes. (Pg.437-439) These events helped set the stage to start the initiative to enact change on racial equality legislation and progression of the civil rights movement. The civil rights movement was a battle against social injustice and equality for all people including people of color in the United States of America that took place during the 1950s and 1960s. At the end of the Civil war slavery had already been abolished, but it did not end discrimination against people of color. Furthermore, during the civil rights movement they continued to tolerate the traumatic effects of racism, mostly taking place in the southern states. Around the middle of the 20th century, African Americans had experienced more than enough of racial injustice and unnecessary violent acts against them. Martin Luther king Jr. was the leading figure and key symbol of the civil rights movement in the United States. (Pg.439) However it was powered and hard-pressed by the loyalty and commitment of great numbers of people, of all races and from many different walks of life. The African American community took a stand and rallied behind Rosa Parks in response to her notorious arrest by boycotting the citys metropolitan bus system. (Pg.443-444) A boycott is the refusal to do business with a firm, individual, or nation as an expression of disapproval or as a means of coercion. (Pg.443) Just one year after the boycott began, the federal courts came to the conclusion that the southern segregated transportation systems violated the equal protection clause of the Constitution. After all his success in the Rosa Parks case, Martin Luther King, Jr., organized a group of activists to help organize the southern civil rights movement. Martin Luther King Jr. was whole-heartedly vowed to a nonviolent course of action to bring racial injustices to the forefront. He also advocated civil disobedience to all of his followers, ensuring them that non-violence is the preeminent way to combat laws that are regarded as unjust. (Pg.443) When the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in the 1954 case Plessy Vs. Ferguson, (Pg. 440) the impact was felt across the United States of America. This was more than just a document written in the complexities of legal language, but the ruling was the match that sparked a pivotal movement in society: the civil rights movement. In Plessy Vs. Ferguson, the court decided that the separate but equal doctrine was inherently unequal; it violated the 14th Amendments promise of equal protection of the laws.(Pg. 440) Another pivotal issue was the public school systems, some of which made a permanent practice of separating black students from white students. They were officially required to desegregate after the notorious Brown v. Board of Education trial. This case was the culmination of twenty years of planning and litigation by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to invalidate racial segregation in public schools. (Pg.441) This inspired citizens around the nation to rally against all forms of institutionalized racial discrimination from voting rights and to furthermore push for the quest of equal rights. In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 legislation initiated by President John F. Kennedy. (Pg.444-445) Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights activists witnessed the signing. That new law gave the guarantee that equal employment was for all, limited the use of voter literacy tests to hinder applicants, and allowed federal authorities to ensure public facilities were integrated. The civil rights movement has come a long way since the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (Pg. 444-445) As of currently segregation is no longer the forefront of the civil rights movement. The movement has shifted to many new issues along with the original motive of striving for complete equality for all. American citizens support the equality of opportunity or equal opportunity. (Pg.453) Equality of opportunity is the simplistic idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life as any other. People should have an equal chance to develop their talents and that effort and ability should be rewarded equitably. This form of equality glorifies personal achievement and free competition, and it allows everyone to play on a level field where the same rules apply to all. (Pg.453-454) Special recruitment efforts aimed at identifying qualified minority or female job applicants, for example, ensuring that everyone has the same chances starting out in life. Among the most controversial civil rights issues today is affirmative action. (Pg. 454) Affirmative action is defined in the American context as the effort to redress previous discrimination against women, and minorities through active measures to promote their employment and educational opportunities. (Pg. 453-455) The rationale behind affirmative action is a great opportunity for the American society to attempt to right its previous wrongs but some would argue that it gives free rides to a life of success for people of color. (Pg. 453) However, this is not the case; African American prejudice alone before GPAs and socioeconomic status come into play. Civil rights laws made it illegal to prohibit any students admittance to any school because of his or her race, sexual orientation, or religion. Nonetheless, in many parts of the country, schools are still segregated, if not intentional then by circumstance alone. (Pg.455) Since people of color and whites still often live in different areas and they often learn in different areas as well. Affirmative action requires schools to accept more people from different backgrounds which gives people of color opportunities to work, and or learn in a professional field that there fore fathers may not have had the opportunity to do so themselves. So just by merely allowing social processes, such as admissions to colleges or the awarding of government contracts, to operate normally perpetuates inequalities and the discrimination that underlies them. (Pg. 453-455)Civil Rights are the freedoms that any and every person should have regardless of her or his sexual orientation, ethnicity, and or religious affiliations. (Pg. 429) Rights usually signify protections that the government must provide. The United States of America has come a very long way since the Jim Crow days, and even though thee laws are in place, we have yet to come to a resolution for racism in the American society. Many schools are filled with not only black and students but also students form different countries, but as time has gone by many are more segregated than they were thirty years ago. Nearly fifty years after the March on Washington, there are persistent gaps that remain between people of color and whites. Poverty, unemployment, voting rights and racial disparities in education are still relevant issues today, as they were for those who marched for freedom and equality in 1963. (Pg. 457-458) Today, racial tensions have escalated to a boiling point similar to the way it did in the first civil rights movement. Fighting against old and newfound issues such as mass incarceration and LGBTQ rights the American people continue in the fight for equality for all. Equal rights means equality for all, anything less than that is just unconstitutional.

What have been the recent challenges to Steinways value creation Essay Example

What have been the recent challenges to Steinways value creation Essay * Sustaining handcraft skill in piano design The age long competitive advantage for Steinway in its piano design would have to give way to a modern automated system for quick assembly and reduction in lead time. * Threats of close substitutes -such as the electronic keyboard, new design of personal computers etc as a form of entertainment is feared would erode Steinways market share and its perceive value. * Erosion of brand image We will write a custom essay sample on What have been the recent challenges to Steinways value creation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What have been the recent challenges to Steinways value creation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What have been the recent challenges to Steinways value creation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The decision within the CBS years (1972-1985) to increase production levels and choice of other methods of marketing through competitor sales distribution outlets opens an opportunity for customers to question Steinways piano quality, uniqueness and perceived brand image. This resulted in declining sales and frequent order cancellations. The used pianos also pose an issue of how Steinway would hold well of its value creation at the customer end1. Relatively, Bostons piano introduction also further eroded Steinways piano; a middle-range product an advance from the traditional offerings. * Competition Strong competition stem from Yamaha and other Asian brand of piano2. These new designs were built on highly automated systems and had quick assembly time than Steinways with a two year manufacturing time. * Customer relations services The competitors are better at rendering a highly valued after sales checks and feedback from their customers than Steinway. There is a track record of begrudged customers who have made official complaints about Steinways service level; an example in the case study is famous pianist Andre Watts who turned to a competitor (Yamaha) purely on this basis. * Ownership Change The frequent acquisitions and ownership change is a great challenge and pproduct quality has become a concern. This would possibly give rise to the problem of continuance of corporate mission. Therefore, its necessary for Steinway to retain its leadership position to fully understand and make attempt to maintain the core competences and brand image for customer retention and loyalty3 What have been the recent challenges to Steinways Value Creation? Competition Main competitors are Yamaha the largest piano manufacturer in the world. Most pianos are vertical units 90% with small grand pianos making up the remaining 10%. Their production is based on highly automated systems resulting in quicker assembly than Steinway, where a grand piano takes 2 years to manufacture. To most users, other than classically trained pianists, Yamaha represents comparable quality to Steinway. After-sales service is also an issue the example in the case study is that of the famous pianist Andre Watts, who defected to Yamaha complaining of a lack of attention and support from Steinway. Brand dilution Steinway is the Rolls-Royce of the piano market. Throughout the CBS years (1972 1985), emphasis was placed on increasing levels of production. Critics began to question the quality of the pianos, and this filtered through to the customer. This ultimately led to a drop in sales and cancelled orders (at one point they had 740 boxed pianos left in stores awaiting shipment)! The release of the Boston piano, in 1992, by the Birmingham Brothers (1985-1995) was a major shift in Steinways brand. This piano is a mid-range product, representing a significant break from tradition.4 Perversely, Steinways quality has become a problem for them. Their pianos are so durable that the market for them is near saturation point. Second-hand units, that hold their value well5, are now competing with sales of new units.

Need for the Sustainable Initiative in the United Arab Emirates

Need for the Sustainable Initiative in the United Arab Emirates Need for the initiative Currently, several stakeholders in the United Arab Emirates are interested in pursuing sustainability but few have implemented any projects to back this interest. In other words, there is no shortage of rhetoric concerning the environment in Dubai. What organisations require is support to turn their sustainability ideas into reality. Kaye (2012) reports that Dubai city is designed in a way that increases energy consumption.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Need for the Sustainable Initiative in the United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, one would need to make several u-turns on a road in order to get to a destination. Additionally, few residents make use of available railways. Emiratis also rarely recycle their waste, reduce their water consumption or utilise solar energy for their power needs. Nonetheless, expatriates and residents alike are aware of their respons ibility towards the environment, and many of them want to do something about it. Several top leaders in Dubai are also showing that a need for sustainable initiatives is necessary. A case in point was the Dubai Integrated Energy Strategy of 2030 supported by the Dubai Supreme Council of Energy. The chairman of this entity, His Excellency Al Tayer, is trying to attract foreign investment in sustainable businesses. Clearly, several stakeholders must step in and support the 2030 vision. Dubai already has a decarbonising initiative managed by the Dubai Carbon Centre for Excellence, and all it requires are partners that can assist in achievement of this goal (Dubai Chronicle 2012). This initiative will be one of the partners. The plan is also needed because businesses stand to save a lot of resources if they participate in it. For instance, they are likely to reduce the materials they and the waste they produce. Furthermore, the amount of oil or water they require for production will red uce, and this will translate into cost savings. Organisations such as BP have saved $650 million as a result of sustainable energy use (Rettab Rahman 2012). Many firms in the UAE are looking for ways of staying in business by cutting costs; environmental sustainability is one way of achieving it. A description of the business and its objectives The main objective of this business is to assist Dubai companies to meet their sustainability agenda. It will do this through four minor objectives: to help companies minimise use of non renewable resources, increase the use of renewable energy, and reduce carbon emissions or other forms of pollution.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This company will be providing support services to Dubai firms that are interested in being environmentally sustainable. It will offer them advise and resources to integrate and hence reduce th e environmental impact of their suppliers and partners. The initiative will also assist firms to minimise the effect that their transportation costs have on energy use. Aspects such as packaging will also be examined in order to ascertain that they are recycled, reused or redesigned to utilise fewer materials. Clients will also benefit from waste management assistance as well as energy emission reduction. Water management will also be part of the service offerings as companies will learn how to employ best practices in management of their businesses (Neves 2009). Within the office setting, businesses will learn how to reduce paper dependence by going digital and also how to reuse other forms of materials at the workplace. Start-up projects or construction companies will also receive support on building and maintaining green buildings. This will involve a change in consumption behaviour and a serious commitment to matters of environmental sustainability. British legal and organisatio nal structure of the business Since this firm will entail expatriate partners, then the most suitable structure will be a Limited Liability structure. The UAE has severe restrictions’ when it comes to other company structures like partnerships and public companies. Therefore, the most plausible one would be an LLC. This method comes with a series of advantages that range from access to the UAE economy to unlimited profit and loss sharing. The latter issue is quite advantageous because although foreign ownership cannot exceed 49%, profit sharing can be negotiated among the parties so as to account for a greater level of return from certain partners. Furthermore, investors do not have to come up with a certain amount for capital as there is no minimum value. The organisation would also be able to carry out several activities without being restricted. An LLC structure would protect the foreign partner because assets are in the company name and not the Emirati partner’s na me (UAE-EU 2012). The organisational structure will be a flat structure. It will have a managing director who will head a number of departmental managers that include the finance manager, administrative manager, industries and plants manager, construction and green buildings manager, office and equipment manager, and marketing manager.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Need for the Sustainable Initiative in the United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the above managers will have employees working under them. This structure was selected because it allows for specialisation among the various departments. It also empowers individuals to make decisions and thus find fulfilment in their positions. Marketing plan The four P’s of the marketing plan will revolve around informing business entities about the need for the company’s services. With regard to product, the company is offering a serv ice that does not exist in the present form within the UAE. Most sustainability initiatives only offer a small aspect of environmental service support. This particular business will offer a comprehensive package for all sustainability needs in a company. Marketing will focus on the all-inclusive nature of this service. It will also inform buyers about the relevance or usefulness of sustainability in business. Pricing decisions will also revolve around bundling. The more services a company buys from the initiative, the more discounts they get. Overall, buyers will pay a relatively low price for the product in order to penetrate into the untapped market. After building demand for the services, then prices will be increased gradually. The initiative will also offer a lot of flexibility in pricing so as to build partnerships with organisations (De Stricker 2007). The firm’s offices will be located around key industrial and commercial hubs. This will increase proximity to clients and thus ensure that they do not have to travel long distances to consult with the firm. It will also ascertain that sustainability suppliers are close by in order to minimise logistics and supply chain costs for the company’s clients.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advertising will be a key strategy for promotion. This will be done through the internet, key business and daily newspapers as well as posters. On the internet, the firm will target websites that talk about sustainability. It will also place banner ads on key commercial business websites in Dubai. Posters will be located in commercial and industrial hubs and only highly circulating newspapers will be selected for advertisements. The company will also do public relations by sponsoring major events. It will rely on personal selling through marketing representatives in the organisation (Kotler and Lee 2006). References De Stricker, U 2007, ‘My Pleasure to Serve You: Client Service Marketing’, Journal of Feliciter, vol. 53 no. 3, pp. 130-133. Dubai Chronicle 2012, Dubai to reduce carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions, †¹dubaichronicle.com/2012/02/26/dubai-carbon-dioxide-greenhouse-gas-emissions/†º Kaye, L 2012, ‘Can Dubai ever be sustainable?’, The Guardian, 13 March, p. 15. Kotler, P and Lee, N 2006, Marketing in the public sector: A roadmap for improved performance, Wharton School Publishing, Philadelphia. Neves, M 2009, 4 P’s for sustainability planning, †¹chinadaily.com.cn/thinktank/2009-11/27/content_9067182.htm†º Rettab, B Rahman, S 2012, Businesses, catalysts of change in the middle east, †¹dubaichamber.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Dubai%20Dialogue%20Sustainability%20Matters%20Conference%20Proceedings.pdf †º UAE-EU 2012, Legal structures for Dubai business, †¹uae-eu.com/why-dubai/dubai-legal-business-structure†º

Sugarcoating or Career Sweetener The Values of PHR and SPHR

Sugarcoating or Career Sweetener The Values of PHR and SPHR Human resources is  a great versatile career path to follow. The field has so much potential for job growth and earnings as well as flexibility. As an HR manager, every day you are faced with new challenges so there is no typical work day. If you are looking to further your career in HR and stand out amongst the competition there are several  certifications to look into. The two most popular are PHR and SPHR. The Professional in Human Resources (PHR) and  Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR) are great certifications to hold in the field. These certifications help you to stand out amongst your colleagues as well as give you more opportunities for growth to further your  career within the company. The infographic below has many bonuses of getting certified in either PHR or SPHR and the effect it will have in your  developing career.   Let’s just say the increased pay is just the icing on the cake!Source [Pay Scale]

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Management accounting - Essay Example Methods such as standard costing and budgetary control are associated with developments in management accounting - this is thought to have been as a result of the traditional rise of large and multi-divisional business activities. This observation is in line with what Chandler (1977) set out, when he maintained that modern management originated from the economic history. The economic history took the position that was previously taken by market mechanisms by introducing an institution with new features, a modern business enterprise or the managed creature. Essentially, by planning and coordinating of the activities in an organization across space and time, as well as internally capturing efficiency benefits and cost, the managed entity displaced, forestalled, and essentially redesigned market relationships (Coase, 1937). Consequently, management brought about oligopoly since it was possible to create large-scale entities whereby managers manage other managers through the process of a dministrative coordination. The organizations that followed these structures were capable of running economically to the extent of redesigning and dominating their sectors, as well as their staff. In essence, the administrative coordination brought about a new source of power, which has eventually redesigned the limits of the organizational and economic scenes. In view of this, it is evident that Chandler contributed towards an explanation of the origin of the modern management by shedding light on how different forms of administrative coordination were, at the outset, developed (Hoskin and Macve, 1990). Chandler specified the Springfield Armory as the origin of the development of single-unit management, which was allegedly done in the perspective of introducing an interchangeable part manufacturer. In essence, this location could have been an unacceptable source of the management; however, the administrative coordination could not have originated from the reaction from technical in ventions, but it must have originated from a distinct and disciplinary intervention. Ideally, in this case, the administrative coordination was put into practice through coordination, problem planning as well as control of staff and plant throughout the extended moment and space. In addition, another important contributor of the modern management, just as Chandler maintained, is George Whistler who was associated with the Western Railroad. Chandler (1977, p. 97-98) ascertained that Whistler was the first to embrace cautiously defined, modern, and an internal organizational structure, in 1841. This development was the first American business enterprise to function under a formally designed administrative structure, overseen by full-time and paid staff. After Whistler, the Pennsylvania (PRR) was the subsequent key railroad where severance of operating and financial functions was a remarkable development that led to the establishment of a form of organization described by Chandler (197 7) as â€Å"decentralized line-and-staff division.† (p. 105). In addition, the unrelenting examination and production of comprehensive flows of information in both human and physical assets reduced operating cost and enhanced efficiency. According to Chandler (1977) the most momentous contributions to accounting was made by Pennsylvania

A physical description of an object. not emotional, imaginative or Essay

A physical description of an object. not emotional, imaginative or interpretive - Essay Example The outside cover can be hard bound or just a sturdy paper that extends from its cover to its back. Its purpose is to indicate the title of the book and its corresponding pictures and designs to make the book appealing to its readers. It also serves as a protection that would prevent the contents of the book from being damaged which are composed of thinner leaves of paper where the printed words are written. The physical description of a book are the following, its shape typically rectangle. There are however other variations of which could be square, sometimes oblong. Its inner leaves are made up of thin leaves of papers where the printed contents are written. Its contents can be made up of solely of words or pictures, charts, illustrations or any visual elements that would help the readers understand the book better. Its contents are also divided into chapters to organize the ideas of the book. The wonder of a book is in its contents. When used properly, a book is a very powerful tool that could expand the mind and horizon of an individual that would bring about great and revolutionary ideas. It can also be used as a tool to improve oneself and to convey ideas and instructions. A book maybe just a bound of paper with printed word on its pages but it is the one of the most important if not the most important thing that mankind has created because it has expanded his or her mind that help create other things that made the world a better

Knowledge and Emotion Essay Example for Free

Knowledge and Emotion Essay Emotion plays a big role in gaining knowledge even though when we do not realize it. Therefore, I agree with the quote, There can be no knowledge without emotion. We may be aware of a truth, yet until we have felt its force, it is not ours. by Arnold Bennett, an English novelist. First of all, with the part, There can be no knowledge without emotion1, it can be proved by our experience. For example, we know about plate tectonics but until you feel it, you cant have knowledge. Earthquakes prove that the plate tectonics are moving towards each other, away from each other or slide past each other. Since I live in Japan, earthquakes can be felt often and I have the knowledge of what it is like to be in an area with lots of earthquakes. Also, for example, we can prove that we have knowledge from genes. Sometimes, I feel that I have the same characteristic as my mother when I am talking to my pets. I talk with them in a softer voice than when we talk to other people. Also, my mothers family loves animals and I was also brought up with an animal always beside me. Finally I can also see evidence from learning physics. I learned that the energy is transferred into other energies. Before, I wondered why bouncy balls bounced lower each time. When I learned about the energies, I gained the knowledge that the potential energy was transferred into heat, sound and other energies. From gaining these truths and experiencing it, it gives us knowledge of what it is like. By experiencing these things, it influences our emotion and gives us the knowledge. Though some people disagree that knowledge can be gained without emotion, I argue that the statement is not true. Though when you learn something, until you have realized what it is and accepted the information, then it is not knowledge. We have to know the information to gain the knowledge so to gain the knowledge we have to experience it. For example, I know the truth that floods occur and the consequences as well as the effects of it but since I have not experienced it before, I do not have the knowledge of what it is like to be in an area, which flooded. Furthermore, by learning biology, I know that there are diseases such as thrombosis, a blood clotting disease but since I have not experienced it I do not what it feels like to have thrombosis. As a result, I do not yet have the knowledge. Knowledge can be gained by other ways of knowing such as reason, sense perception and language. Though I agree with this, I think these all involve the ways of knowing of emotion. When we have a reason to gain knowledge, we gain the knowledge by realizing it and experiencing it. When we gain knowledge by sense perception it is done by experiencing something and realizing what is going on in our surroundings. Finally for language, we are experiencing it since we are talking or listening to the language. Since all these involve the action of experiencing, it all involves emotion. If someone did things unconsciously, I wonder if they can get knowledge. People who sleepwalk have been seen eating, dressing, driving cars, and many other things. Their brain is not fully shut down. Sleepwalking occurs before they are in the state of rapid eye movement, or the moment they are dreaming.2 They have their eyes open to recognize their surroundings. Therefore, I think they are using their sense perception when they are sleepwalking. Though they may not remember it when they wake up and get confused but I think their brain remembers it since the brain is not fully shut when people sleepwalk. Therefore knowledge is gained from experiencing things even if they are sleepwalking which is done unconsciously. Reflexes are also done unconsciously. They are done because we have the knowledge of what to do best to have the least damage to ourselves. That is why we pull our hands back when we touch something hot to reduce the possibility of burning our hand. We try to reduce it because we have the knowledge of what is going to happen if we do not. If we do not take our hand back, we know we are going to burn our hand and feel the pain. When I wake up, I have the reflex of stopping the alarm clock because I have the knowledge that I have to wake up to go to school. This reflex was done because I had the emotion that I did not want to go to school since I had to wake up at six oclock in the morning. Therefore as a conclusion, I agree to an extent with the quote by an English novelist, Arnold Bennett of There can be no knowledge without emotion. We may be aware of a truth, yet until we have felt its force, it is not ours. Emotion is connected to the other ways of knowing and everything we do in our lives. Experiencing things give knowledge to us which gives us emotion whether we do things consciously or unconsciously.

Sponsors And Sports :: essays research papers

Sponsors and Sports In the world of sports, everything from the cups the athletes drink from to the stadiums they play in is up for grabs. The four major sports are a playing field for the teams as well as major companies hoping to influence the public. While there are some positives and negatives to sponsors, a line has to be drawn somewhere. The four major sports, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Football League, and the National Hockey League all generate millions of dollars from sponsors each year. Individual athletes themselves command large endorsement contracts that in many cases exceed their own salaries. And although the heads of these sports try to limit the influence of companies, they are still a major part of every game played. One of the more widely known sponsors of sports is Nike. Their rivalry with Reebok and other shoe and apparel companies is seen on television and on the playing field. Advertising their company is the major concern when displaying their logos in sports. Beverages, fast foods, credit cards, automobiles and a wide variety of companies spend their money on sports related ventures. They spend big dollars to name stadiums and arenas after their companies. Television gives these companies even more chances to influence the public with commercials that companies might sometimes pay up to $1 million for. The uniforms that the players wear are now being made my different manufacturers whereas five years ago each league had all their teams wearing the same brand. The equipment being used is also made by different companies. No matter what is being fought for, sponsors create good and bad influences in each sport. Major League Baseball is recognized as the most popular sport. They also play the most games which is a plus to sponsors. Each game is seen as a chance to spread word of their company. But MLB seems to be the least affected team wise by sponsors. This is probably because of the strict rules set forth and also because of recent work stoppages and labor disputes. MLB was once the leader in innovative ideas involving sponsors. Billboards are placed around the stadium in strategic spots that will be noticed by fans and television. Stadiums are now being renamed by companies willing to spend millions to have the stadium named after the company such as 3Com Park in San Francisco. These short term deals can create a problem in the future though. Athletes are not as widely chosen for endorsement contracts as in other sports. This is probably because many players cannot make a huge

Home Based Childcare Risk Assessment

Course Code|Course Title|Assignment No. and Name | DS31|Diploma in Home-Based Childcare Unit 1|2a Keeping children safe and healthy| This is a Risk Assessment of a domestic setting to be used for childminding, the children will have access to the following rooms/areas: Hallway/Stairs Downstairs Toilet Dining Room Kitchen Lounge Bedroom Garden Possible hazards and risks for each room/area are detailed below: 1. Hallway/Stairs – Access to the stairs, risk of falling. 2. Downstairs Toilet – Risk of chemical poisoning (bleach and cleaning chemicals); access to contaminated water from the toilet bowl. 3.Dining Room – Risk of shock from electrical sockets; radiators that may get very hot to the touch; cupboards with breakable items inside. 4. Kitchen – Fire and burn hazards from the cooker; cupboards containing cleaning chemicals; flexes from appliances and appliances themselves are a hazard. 5. Lounge – Electrical sockets; radiators; wires and cables fro m the TV are visible, young children could play with them/trip on them/get an electrical shock or worse; clear glass patio doors; a rug that could pose a trip or slip hazard. 6. Bedroom – Electrical sockets; radiator; windows with openings children could reach. . Garden – Sheds with gardening equipment (such as a lawnmower and shears) and chemicals. It is necessary to carry out the following measures to minimise/overcome these hazards: 1. Hallway/Stairs – Install safety gates at the top and bottom of the stairs. 2. Downstairs Toilet – Remove and lock away all chemicals; install a toilet lock to prevent toddlers being able to access the toilet bowl. 3. Dining Room – Fit socket covers to all accessible electrical sockets; install childproof locks on all accessible cupboards; fit radiator covers to prevent burns. 4.Kitchen – Install a safety gate; install childproof locks to all accessible cupboards that may contain chemicals or breakable items ; keep plastic bags out of sight and reach; fix safety film to the glass door; keep all appliances and flexes pushed to the back of surfaces (toaster, microwave, kettle); keep a fire blanket in a sensible place in easy reach in emergencies. 5. Lounge – Fit socket covers to all accessible electrical sockets; fit radiator covers; apply an anti-slip underlay to the rug; tidy the TV cables out of reach and sight; apply stickers at child eye level on the glass patio doors to prevent children running into them. . Bedroom – Fit socket covers; radiator covers; ensure window locks are always used to prevent children falling out. 7. Garden – Separate outdoor play items from gardening equipment/chemicals in the shed, keeping dangerous items out of reach; ensure children are always supervised when accessing the outdoor play equipment in the shed. Other Measures to include: anti-slam device to internal doors, fitting locks to all rooms children are not allowed access to and testing fire alarms on a regular basis.

Negative Effects of Classism

Negative Effects Of Classism Have you ever been judged by the way you look or act? How about just for your income? Social classes have existed for many centuries, whether you are rich or poor, there has always been a large group of people who share a similar economic and/or social position. In society, citizens are put into classes based upon their income, wealth, property ownership, and job status. When citizens are put into a â€Å"class† whether it is high or low, it affects their way of life.For example; when the working class feels like they’re not good enough, it might be because someone in the higher class is acting ignorant or superior towards the lower class. When citizens are not treated equally due to their social status, this is called â€Å"classism. † As you may know classism is professed throughout all classes whether you’re a working class, middle class, or even a higher class. For starters, in an American society,  classism  is usually pointed in the direction of the â€Å"working class† as having the disadvantage.The â€Å"working class† is the lowest social group of people. They are employed for only minimum wage in manual or industrial work. Although our system in the U. S. is designed to allow mobility between social classes, discrimination against the lower classes is still perceived by the higher class. The higher class considers the â€Å"working class† as unreliable or lethargic workers who don’t want to put any effort in achieving in their life goals. Believing this way might be because of their background or where they come from.Secondly, many underclass citizens tend to be the most hardworking of all because every day they make just enough money to get by and that’s it. When working these low income jobs, it’s difficult to support a family and live life without the struggle of â€Å"money problems. † Most people in the working class didn’t pursue their life long goals or promotions in their lives because of their lack of motivation or dedication to succeeding. Most importantly, if the higher class didn’t have such misleading judgments on the â€Å"working class†, then maybe there wouldn’t be as much wrongful thoughts towards them.The middle class is a set of workers who are quite educated, wise, and overall more successful than the working class. The middle class is considered the average or the suitable of the three main classes, mostly because they make a much higher salary than the working class but not enough to be considered the higher class. The middle class is the majority of people in the United States. Occasionally the middle class consider thoughts and assumptions that the sociability of this country towards them are true which leads them to believe it and as well as act it out towards others.The reimbursements or the â€Å"benefits† of being in the middle class provide access to health care benefits such as Medicare or medicate, a home that’s stable enough to live in, a great secure job, as well as retirement security for the seniors of this class and most importantly many chances of a good education which comprises a college education as well. Since million of the households in this country are in the middle class, it’s hard to discriminate or judge against a class where a majority of the United States citizens in are in or close too.The â€Å"higher class† in America consists of people who have mostly inherited their money. Historically in some cultures, members of an upper class often did not have to work for a living, as they were supported by earned or inherited investments. The main distinguishing feature of upper class in the US is the ability to derive enormous  incomes  from  wealth  through techniques such as investment and money management, rather than engaging in wage-labor or salaried employment.Secondly, many unprincipled behaviors across the social classes have delivered a withering verdict on the upper echelons of society, studies have shown that privileged people behave consistently worse than others. For instance, in a range of situations the upper class has a greater tendency to lie, cheat, take things meant for others, not stop for pedestrians on crossings, and endorse unethical behavior. Most importantly, the upper and lower class individuals do not necessarily differ in terms of their capacity for unethical behavior, but rather in terms of their default tendencies toward it.In conclusion, classism will consist in all social classes’ whether it’s the higher class or lower class, people will make generalizations or stereotypes about other people in different classes because of their personal background, arrogances, and actions. Although there will always be different forms of oppression and prejudice, classism’s drastic income and wealth inequality and basic human needs te nd to go unmet. | |

How to Answer the Biggest Challenge Interview Question

How to Answer the Biggest Challenge Interview Question Part of the interview process is taking a frank look at challenges you’ve faced in your previous jobs. The interviewer is trying to figure out how you would approach problem solving in your new role, and see if there are any red flags. (Hint: â€Å"Dealing with the stupid people around me† is never gonna be your ideal answer when asked about previous challenges in your professional life.) If the interviewer does ask you a question like, â€Å"What’s the most difficult part of being a [current job title]?† or â€Å"What was the toughest part of your last job?† here are ways you can frame it to make yourself look awesome.DO think about this beforehand.It’s a common enough question that the interviewer can reasonably expect you to be ready to think on your feet. If you need a review on some of the most common interview questions, head over to this article on the most common interview questions.DON’T pretend your career has been a breeze u p to this point.It can seem tempting to make it look like you handled every issue with the ease of Roger Federer returning a serve–but making it seem like you never had any challenges or struggles won’t make you look like some kind of suave champ. It’ll make the interviewer think you’re a) not taking the question seriously; b) can’t think on your feet; or worse, c) being dishonest.DO tailor your answer to fit the job description of the position for which you’re interviewing.Unless you’re making a big career change or applying for a big stretch position, chances are your previous experiences will work nicely with the needs here. Before the interview, review the tasks and responsibilities associated with this job, and dig back in your mental archive for similar issues you’ve tackled in your current or previous jobs. Try to avoid purely personal anecdotes (about family or friend conflicts). The interviewer isn’t interviewin g a buddy, he or she is looking for a strong employee.DO be specific about why your challenges were challenges.You want to show off your problem-solving process, so offer as much context as possible so that the interviewer can see how you’re connecting your past with your present (and ideally your future) professional self. Also, sum up with what you learned from the experience. (Example: After we got through the event totally shorthanded, I developed a â€Å"Plan B† coverage system that meant we always had backup in case we found ourselves in another crunch.)DO make sure your anecdotes show you in a positive light.You don’t get bonus points for brutal honesty here. If you were facing a challenge because of a mistake or because you dropped a ball, that’s not the one to highlight here. Focus on situations where your actions made you a hero (small h, no kitten rescuing necessary), not situations that featured you digging out of a hole you made yourself. Tho ugh even heroics aren’t necessary- if you were part of a team that had to solve an issue, and you took charge of any part of the process, that’s fine too. You want to demonstrate strong leadership and problem solving, whatever you choose to highlight.DON’T panic if you don’t have a very long work history.If you’re just out of school or are otherwise just starting out, this question can be daunting- how would you have had work challenges if you haven’t really worked yet? In this case, it’s totally fine to use an example from your education, or your volunteer work, or other activities (sports, extracurriculars, etc.). Again, though, make sure you tie it to your professional life, and especially the job description. Make sure it demonstrates your leadership skills, not your failures.

Proposal Essay Guidelines and Outstanding Ideas

Proposal Essay Guidelines and Outstanding Ideas Topic Ideas for Your Proposal Essay The main goal of proposal essays is to propose a certain idea and back it with solid arguments in order to persuade the audience whether the chosen idea is bad or good. Imagine yourself being a salesperson. Your main goal is to persuade the customer why he or she should buy jewelry, a painting or any other item. In such example, the item is your idea, and the buyer is your audience. If it is your first time working on a proposal essay, you may feel nervous. However, if you choose a proper topic and follow the guidelines of real experts, you will be able to complete the task with ease. Below you will find all the necessary instruments to create a flawless proposal essay! Content of a proposal essay Every assignment has a particular outline, a number of elements and paragraphs it should contain. A proposal essay is not an exception and should include the following elements: The first part of your essay should provide the reader with background data and the most important details, which you want to let the audience know before getting started. Your introduction should be attention-grabbing and encourage the audience to read further. Don’t forget that the last sentence of this paragraph should contain a thesis statement; Statement of purpose. This short section aims to inform the audience on your proposal. That is the idea you want readers to accept. Don’t include any details, which you are going to discuss in the rest of the paper; Action plan. In this section you need to explain in what ways you are planning to achieve your proposal. What makes it valid? In this section you must persuade the audience to accept your ideas. Devote a separate paragraph for every evidence or argument; In the final section of your essay make a summary of the main points and add a call-to-action if it is appropriate. Never include new details, as there is no place for additional facts in a conclusion. Proposal essay writing tips Conduct thorough research to collect as many facts as possible; Every claim and idea should be backed with evidence; Sources you use should be reliable, so never use websites and posts, which are not credible; Cite every source properly not to be accused of plagiarism; Show how good your vocabulary is and try not to overuse certain words and phrases; Stay away from informal speech and slang; Instead of discussing multiple various ideas, choose maximum five and provide the reader with their detailed description. However, what a student should do, when he has all the freedom of choosing the topic independently? First, never panic and read a list of outstanding ideas we have in store! 100 topics for your proposal essay We guarantee that proposal essay writing is much simpler than it seems even if your teacher is trying to scare you. If you choose a good topic and conduct thorough research, you will surely succeed. We have collected outstanding topics and divided them into categories for your convenience. So just choose the one you like the most and get started! Education Education is one of the most popular and controversial subjects, which has lots of conflicts to discuss. Some people want more freedom to students, others demand more respect for teachers. Just pick the most suitable topic and choose which side you are on! Is it possible to get additional funding or airtime for science shows on TV? How learning foreign languages contributes to our education? What are the most effective ways to improve reading comprehension among students? Should sex education classes be given in every school? How should teachers influence bullying in classes? Ways to improve courses in foreign languages; Grading of students at schools; Most of the famous inventors were misbehaving at schools. Should teachers give their students more freedom to learn from their own mistakes? How can the modern grading system be fixed and improved? How teachers, parents and society encourage children to study science? Health With years a common phrase ‘Healthy mind in a healthy body’ becomes more and more important because we tend to eat junk food, try alcohol or smoking earlier and neglect sports. That is why writing about health issues can be a great choice. How can childhood obesity be reduced? What should parents do to help their children lead a healthy lifestyle? How can smoking among teenagers be reduced? How can every citizen get free health care? How to persuade children not to try drugs? Should antidepressants be banned? Can they lead to suicides? What steps should be done towards increasing healthcare funding? The best measures for preventing drunk driving deaths; Babies, born from in-vitro fertilization have higher risks of birth malformations. Isn’t it better to adopt children? How to get funding for cancer researches? Students’ lifestyle Such topics are the most simple to write about since you are a student and know the situation from the inside. You can even share your personal experience or choose topics, which will be relevant to your surrounding. How can parents help their children to deal with bullying? Should children of divorced parents have sessions with psychologists in order to build a happy life and marriage, succeed in school and relationships? How parents can encourage children to find hobbies and new interests? How can we reduce alcohol consumption among children? How high school curriculum can be improved? Is it possible to protect students from pressure? How to make children responsible? Are there any effective ways to make children disciplined? Is it possible to create a healthy environment in class, which will give children enough freedom and will still teach them authority? The simplest way to get parents involved in their child’s education. Environment Environmental issues are very popular at the moment and every person has an opinion about global warming, fossil fuels and other important issues. When choosing such a topic, you can get lots of information from credible sources and create a well-structured essay. How can obsolete lifestyle be changed? Is being vegan the only way for protecting animals? What every individual can do to help save the planet? Is there a way to prevent teenage pregnancies? Should every country promote bicycle usage inside the cities? How plastic bags problem can be solved? What are the best ways to create effective dog bite laws? Should particular breeds be banned or there should be more training courses for owners? Why vegans can’t be respectful towards opinion and lifestyle of others, while they demand respect to their own choices? Should there be sex education courses in every school in order to reduce teenage pregnancy rates? How can we contribute to saving rainforests? Technologies Internet and technologies have a great impact on our generation. That is why topics on technologies are very wide and interesting, giving students complete freedom of choices. Is it possible to reduce technology dependence individually? Should every child be taught how to use the Internet responsibly? Ways of protecting personal information from thefts online; Cost-effectiveness of wireless technologies; Is it useful to use modern technologies in libraries? Ways to prevent cyber crimes; Is it possible to stop bullying online? Are there ways of keeping sensitive data in a secure way? Are teachers dependent on technologies? Can technology be harmful to the society? Sports Sport is closely related to health issues and makes up a big part of modern society. Controversial issues, dramas and news make sports a great topic to discuss in your proposal essay. Should college sportsmen get paid? Is it possible for a college to manage education, sports and business wisely? What is the best encouragement for new athletes? How should players and coaches talk to journalists after losing an important game? Is it better to legalize steroids instead of prohibiting them? Should media give better coverage of sports? If yes, what kinds of sports should be broadcasted more often? Should players be prepared for possible future injuries or even inability to participate? Why hunting should be prohibited? Is it necessary to ban extreme kinds of sports? Should cyber sportsmen be considered real athletes? Benefits of regular sports and exercises to teenagers. How various kinds of activity (running, swimming, weightlifting) influence our mood? Culture Culture is a very broad topic, which may include such controversial issues as racism, discrimination, tolerance and bullying. That is why when choosing culture as your proposal essay topic, you need to be very attentive and careful not to harm someone’s feelings. What are traditional family values; How to make sure your children treat others in a respectful manner; How the government should help minorities lead a regular lifestyle in areas, where they are discriminated? How every citizen can contribute to a tolerant attitude in the US society; Is there something to be done with the absence of morality in social media? How to improve bad behavior of children; Why morality is considered a flaw, while bad attitude is widely celebrated? What are the best ways to raise a responsible, well-behaved and kind child? Business Business rules the world, creating wrong expectations and adding lots of issues to our everyday life. Even without knowing we become a part of the business world whether we are owning a shop or make purchases in a store nearby. Should bankruptcy become an option? What measures should be taken to protect smaller enterprises from various economic problems? How trust to the business society can be cultivated? Is it possible to support local businesses and protect them from corporations? Should every customer be able to report the wrong treatment and lies of companies? Is there a way to eliminate unemployment? When should parents start teaching their children about money? How to encourage professional teachers not to leave their occupation? How youth can find an occupation of their dreams? Should employers have a right to check private emails at work? History Every student has a personal view of various historical events, which is worth sharing! Even the most boring historical issue can become a bright story with a proper approach. Division of gender responsibilities in ancient Rome; Impact of female leaders on the world’s history; Main interests of the Paleolithic society; What are the most important events, which shaped the modern world? How would the world change if the winner of the WW II was the opposite side? Influence of slavery abolition on the modern US; Influence of hippie movement on the promotion of drug usage; What caused the Roman Empire fall; Influence of Karl Marx on society; Impact of communism on modern Russia. Politics Considering the country of your residence, you can choose topics, which cause interest of the society. You can write about the improvement of the political situation, promoting new ideas and approaches. How to prevent future economic crises? Ways to make an effective electoral system; Is it possible to protect elections from outside interference? How to lower the national debt? Are we a nation of credits and debts? What can be done about it? Should prisoners have a right to vote or only those, who are on probation? How to improve the living conditions of veterans; Ways how espionage laws violate freedom of speech; Is it possible to regulate illegal immigration? Ways of improving social and medical programs. Music and art For those of students, who don’t like controversial or difficult topics, there is always a chance to write about music and art. Such issues are always interesting to write about and you have the freedom to share your own story with the audience. Should governments support new artists and musicians? Benefits of individualism for modern society; What musicians and artists had the biggest impact on your personality? What is your favorite painting? Why? Fashion trends of the 21st century; Impact of British singers on the modern US market; What is the New Wave movement? Peculiarities of culture after the end of the WW II; Evolution of music for the past ten years; Can rap be considered music? Closing thoughts When you are working on a proposal essay, your main goal is to provide several ideas on a chosen topic and to convince the audience to accept them. Consider yourself a salesperson, who needs to convince someone to purchase a certain item. Use ideas mentioned above and you will never experience any troubles. Once your essay is ready, make sure you check it line by line and eliminate all the mistakes to make your text readable, interesting and flawless!

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 142

Discussion - Essay Example Accordingly, the flooding led to the need for leadership especially in Mesopotamia where there was lack of natural borders and lack of natural materials. Mesopotamia was also characterized by irregular flooding that disrupted the way of life and caused dependence on foreign natural resources, political instability and strict law codes whenever necessary in order to instill leadership. The ancient Egypt was characterized by plenty of raw materials and rivers that isolated the kingdoms from invaders. The unique geography contained soap stones that facilitated building of fortresses and plenty of human labor due to the high population. Ancient Egypt did not have contact with external invaders and experienced political stability due to uniform culture. There was a high focus on after life or immortality due to beliefs on various gods and thus pyramids were constructed in order to store the remains of the kings. The old kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2500-2100 BC), Middle kingdom (2000-1600 BC ) and new kingdom (1500-1100 BC) experienced political unity and stability due to high importance placed on the Pharaoh. The old and middle kingdoms where characterized by unprecedented cultural and technological revolutions such as Hieroglyphic writing, the use of Rosetta stone in building Pyramids and unified belief systems such as prayers to gods such as Osiris, Amon-Re and Isis. The sense of insecurity in Mesopotamia led to establishment of detailed legal codes such as code of Hammurabia that was inscribed in stone pillar in order to unite Mesopotamia in 1792-1750 B.C.E. The sole purpose was to promote the welfare of the people through justice and eliminating any evil through protecting the poor. The code comprised of written decisions by the King in various injustices thus allowing for equity in the eighteenth-century Babylonian society. The status of women and children in Mesopotamia society was

The French revolution collapse of the feudal systems and monarchies of Essay

The French revolution collapse of the feudal systems and monarchies of 18th century Europe - Essay Example The French Revolution which took place between 1789 to 1794, â€Å"marked the advent of modern society†1, both bourgeois and capitalist, in the history of France. The revolution brought about the national unity of the country through destruction of the privileged feudal orders considered as remnants of the Middle Ages. It is historically significant because the revolution successfully established a liberal democracy. Due to these double outcomes, in the perspective of world history, it can be considered as a classical model of a bourgeois revolution. However, the history of the French revolution is an integral part of European history. Earlier revolutions in other European countries such as Holland in the 16th century, and two revolutions in England in the 17th century, as well as the 18th century revolution in America paved the way for the French revolution. In all the European countries, the evolution ultimately resulted in the formation of modern society. With the different revolutions opposing the old economic and social system with its feudalism, the bourgeoise could benefit to varying degrees. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons for the French Revolution and the collapse of the ancient monarchies and feudal systems of eighteenth century Europe. The Revolution began an era of change from the nineteenth century onwards, with the evolution of a democratic and equitable modern society. The Bourgeoisie Uprising: Cause of the French Revolution Lefebvre2 was a lifelong socialist, under the increasing influence of Marxism which assigns the bourgeoisie with the key role of representatives and beneficiaries of capitalism. According to this scholar, the rise of the bourgeoisie was the main cause of the French Revolution. After several centuries of increasing in numbers and wealth, the bourgeoisie class took control of power in France in 1789. Medieval society had been ruled over by a landed aristocracy, because the only f orm of wealth was land. However, by the eighteenth century, â€Å"economic power, personal abilities and confidence in the future had passed largely to the bourgeoisie†3 who were supported by a new form of wealth and a new ideology that was clearly defined. In 1789, the bourgeoisie overthrew the remaining aristocratic, feudal lords who had retained their dominance despite their economic decline. It was possible for the bourgeoisie to overthrow the aristocracy because the monarchy’s political authority had collapsed due to the lack of adequate funds. The reason for their inability to pay was that the aristocracy or privileged classes of nobility and clergy clung to their age-old privileges and immunity from paying. Moreover, they used their political power to prevent the king fom undertaking necessary reforms4. Following their ousting, the bourgeoisie established a regime based on the new distribution of economic power. Significantly, Lefebvre5 refers to four revolution ary movements in France between 1787 to 1789. First came the revolt of the aristocracy, which destroyed the monarchy. It was the culmination of an aristocratic resurgence which took place for over a century, in which the nobility had struggled to regain their pre-eminence in the social order, which Louis XIV had removed. In order to carrry out their revolution, the nobility had sought the support of the bourgeoisie; however the successful implementation of the movement provided the bourgeoisie with ideas to resolve their own problems. In the September of 1788, the parliament of Paris which formed the driving force behind the aristocratic reaction, required that the Estates-General promised by the government for 1789 should be constituted as they had been in 1614 at their last meeting. For the bourgeoisie this was not acceptable, since the forms of 1614 underscored aristocratic predominance. Under these circumstances the revolution of the bourgeoisie

English-Drama Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English-Drama - Assignment Example erican Dream does have some common elements such as a house, leisure time and the natural result of average effort, yet each individual must realize that their idea of home and their concept of leisure might be vastly different from another person’s. Unless you know what the dream means to you, it remains impossible to attain, but many people fail to provide themselves with that clear sense of definition. In his play, Death of a Salesman, playwright Arthur Miller presents the story of Willy Loman and his last ditch efforts to achieve the American Dream he envisions for himself and his family. This paper argues that Miller’s play illustrates the problem of fuzzy definition, discovers the actual elusiveness of the American Dream and that the play itself argues for an adjustment of our concepts of this term in favor of something more personal. Throughout Miller’s play, Willy Loman continues to compare himself to a vague notion he has of the American Dream. The idea of the house being an integral part of the Dream is brought in almost immediately as Willy observes to his wife â€Å"Work a lifetime to pay off a house. You finally own it, and there’s nobody to live in it† (4). This statement reveals the emptiness Willy has found in the accomplishment of providing his family with a home of their own as his sons prepare to leave again. As Linda tries to soothe him, he reminds her â€Å"some people accomplish something† (4). By making this statement, he is indicating that simply owning a home and raising a family isn’t enough to give him the sense of satisfaction he’d thought he’d have at this point in his life. Willy’s ideas are shown to be flawed as he talks with his boys in several memory scenes. In these scenes, he is seen to be attempting to inflate his own importance and the prestige of his job: â€Å"they know me boys, they know me up and down New England. The finest people. And when I bring you fellas up, there’ll be open sesame for all of

Ethical Dilemmas Faced by KFC

Ethical Dilemmas Faced by KFC 1.0 Introduction There are many ethical dilemmas that an organisation face and one of the organisations which faces major dilemmas is the Kentucky Fried Chicken. Firstly, the main objective of this report is to provide a discussion about the dilemmas faced by KFC and the ethical dilemmas that the company encounters. Secondly, evaluate the relative importance of these dilemmas and how Kentucky Fried Chicken is currently dealing with them. Then introduce the Kentucky Fried Chicken ethical best practices and values. Last give recommendations and strategic options to Kentucky Fried Chicken. 2.0 The main ethical dilemmas facing Kentucky Fried Chicken KFC is the most popular fast food brands in the world. The company was found by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952. KFC now boasts of operating, franchising, and serving a worldwide chain of around 11,000 fast food restaurants that prepare, package and sell a menu of ready to eat foods. (Source: KFC office website: http://www.kfc.com/ ) With the development of the living standard of the people. People can found obviously, more and more people change the health and nutritional attitudes and behaviours. People more concerned with their health and figures than ever before. Obviously, the reason for this increased concern is because of the fact information be reported in everywhere and every reports and research about fast food has no nutrition. It is junk food. It can not eat much. and so on. This is a dilemmas for KFC have faced, because it has already gain the reputation of a fast food that continuously provides greasy unhealthy food; .The company should do something about potential increase of shareholder value. Being one of the most popular fast food restaurants and with millions of people patronising the products and foods offered by the company, it is important the company adheres to ethical standards specifically in terms of providing healthy foods. However, it has been observed that Kentucky Fried Chicken is using oil which contains Trans fatty acids. This kind of oil is noted to increase cholesterol and even increased the risk of having heart disease. As authorities discovered this, the case was being carried over by the consumer group centre for Science in the Public Interest and told the company to use healthier cooking products than the one they are using.( Source : Ethics Management KFC) China has large population. To KFC, it has a large market and has got great success in china. It happen a great important event ‘ADK. KFC use food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red in their new product called New Orleans Roasted Wing. Chinas health ministry found it and stops KFC using the food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red. Let KFC use the safety food ingredients for cooking instead. ( Source: KFC Falls Prey to Sudan I) The shareholder of the Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation in order to gain competitive advantage, reduce the cost. Kentucky Fried Chicken is using oil which contains Trans fatty acids and food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red. Do the bad job; it is not act as supervisory role. The supplier supplies the oil which contains Trans fatty acids and food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red. It price hikes for exorbitant profits. This kind of behavior was a fraud. The government agency in case of finding defects, take corrective action accordingly. Then let the company to use healthier cooking products instead. It is protecting the interests of consumers. 3.0 Evaluate the Kentucky Fried Chicken dilemmas and Kentucky Fried Chicken deal dilemmas 3.1 Elevate the Kentucky Fried Chicken dilemmas KFC use the oil which contains Trans fatty acids and food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red in their new product called New Orleans Roasted Wing. It influences the brand and brings some negative effect, such as: bad press, media report, even in some countries, people demonstrated for boycott Kentucky Fried Chicken. Kentucky Fried Chicken may have said that they are not using these kinds of oils and food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red in their new product called New Orleans Roasted Wing to adhere to ethical standards of protecting the health of their customers. In order to increase international competitiveness and lead in competition than any other competitors, such as, McDonald, Subway, Pizza-Hut and so on. The traditional ethical stance of the company is to prevent actual problems on health and nutrition. However, there is an obvious lack for long term plans that will also maintain these developments even in years to come. Kentucky Fried Chicken should then realize that the company does not only have a responsibility to their current customers but to future generations as well. The scope of responsibility as cited in this discussion should include the provision of respect for others, honest and pure intentions as well as protection from harm. The management of the company should be responsible in maintaining that healthy and nutritional foods which future generations will need as well so as to survive. But Kentucky Fried Chicken realizes the gravity of the situation. It stopped use the kinds of oils and food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red and take effective steps to plan a rescue operation for the dilemmas. The Kentucky Fried Chicken has its own principle. It is customer focus. The companys ethical stance should not be based on short term goals. The company is still encountering negative issues brought about by its negligent behavior. But these efforts do not directly address the problem. The company is still encountering negative issues brought about by its negligent behaviors. 3.2 Kentucky Fried Chicken deal dilemmas KFC though the media report, make a public apology for use the oil which contains Trans fatty acids and food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red. KFC also make a promise for consumers in general. Never use the oil which contains Trans fatty acids and food ingredients for cooking with the Sudan Red. It has promised a thorough investigation into the affair. KFC find a sound business firm to cooperation. Let the government agency reinspection.The firm dropped its supersizing options, and put a range of new healthy options on the menu, including salads and grilled chicken flatbreads and so on. Due to use the oil which contains Trans fatty acids, provide some negative effect, it make the consumer reduce. Overall sales are down. So KFC make the promotion, like produce economic suite, increase profits by reducing costs or distribute special discount voucher in public places also can download from KFC official website. 4.0 Kentucky Fried Chicken best practice s and Value Kentucky Fried Chicken often join the in public service activities and committed to its communities. Kentucky Fried Chicken in China often giving back to the community. From 1992 to 1997, the Kentucky Fried Chicken contributes funds for Chinese† hope project† every year. It has sponsored the One Million Peoples Love Movement and the 1 (family) + 1 (dropout) Help Movement, mobilizing the entire society to help dropouts return to school. From the 1996 to 1997, only two years, the collection of funds runs up to 2.5 million. (Source: KFCs community activities ) May 12th, 2008. The Sichuan province of China suffers an earthquake. Kentucky Fried Chicken contributes funds15.8 million through the China Charity Federation, Chinese Red Cross Foundation and China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation. Except the donate money, Kentucky Fried Chicken also offer the supply of some essential goods like purified water, bread, sunshade, health gauze mask †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦for earthquake in Sichuan . (Source: List of Donors of Sichuan earthquake ) Kentucky Fried Chicken contributes funds. One aspect is Kentucky Fried Chicken make contribute to social benefit. On the other hand, it will bring the intangible benefit to Kentucky Fried Chicken. Such as, join the public benefit activities, Brand name awareness will increase. Kentucky Fried Chicken has attracted a lot of publicity. For example: Kentucky Fried Chicken joins the public benefit activities, the media report, newspaper and internet will report the current events. People will know the best practice of Kentucky Fried Chicken. The Kentucky Fried Chicken behavior left public a very good impression. This is intangible benefit, intangible asset. Brand name awareness of Kentucky Fried Chicken was improved. Kentucky Fried Chicken buy the chicken, vegetables, bread, packing chest equipment and building construction materials from materials suppliers. Kentucky Fried Chicken evaluate and to train the related materials suppliers. The kind of behavior bring the tangible benefit to Kentucky Fried Chicken, It helps the materials suppliers improve the product quality. Kentucky Fried Chicken can use good raw material, make tasty food. 5.0 Recommendation to Kentucky Fried Chicken With the dilemmas faced by Kentucky Fried Chicken, the recommendation for the company should be able to use an ethical management strategy that will uplift the image of the company. 5.1 The way for creativity spread Kentucky Fried Chicken though the media, internet and other ways to uplift the image of the company. For example: The new advertising creative design is remarkable. In a short period of time, KFCs brand image will be into the minds of consumers. Looking back the past three years, Kentucky Fried Chicken ad is easily find, KFC more often reflect the image of its localization. Through nutrition, health, and thanksgiving brochures design, it has let the customer out from the â€Å"2005 Sudan incident† shadows. It is more of recognition of its brand and products. So it needs creativity of media to spread. In the market, it should confirm and locked on target customer. Though creative advertising, to achieve the product image and brand effectively increase and promotion. Kentucky Fried Chicken can advertising on bus. It can show the KFCs slogan an also can show the promotion information.   It should related peoples life. 5.2 Innovative promotions Sales promotion is an important market tool to enhance product sales. Meanwhile, we also can see that this was also an important way to show the corporate brand image. For example: In Malaysia, McDonald makes a promotion. It is Mc Value lunch 12 noon-3 pm, Monday-Sunday. It gets good effect. So when Kentucky Fried Chicken in the design of promotional programs, there must be new and unique. Let the consumer and media also can join it, the media reporting and dissemination initiative. The promotions plan can get the consumers allow. Corporate image and brand in their promotional activities have been further consolidated and increased. 5.3 Take effective measures Due to more and more people change the health and nutritional attitudes and behaviours. People more concerned with their health and figures than ever before. Obviously, the reasons for this increased concern is because of the fact information and KFC use the ingredients include hazardous substance. KFC should take effective measures. KFC can establish dietician department. Make the healthy and nutritious food and make the nutritional survey and food inspection report to the product. The dietician department also should to make a food safety inspection. In order let public set their mind at rest, KFC can invite the food inspector to food inspection. In respect to choice the suppliers, it cant careless .It should choice a sound business firm and prevent bad things from happening again. 6.0 Conclusion Business ethics is currently a very prominent business topic, and the debates and dilemmas surrounding business ethics have tended to attract an enormous amount of attention from various quarters. For a start, consumers and pressure groups appear to be increasingly demanding firms to seek out more ethical and ecologically sounder ways of doing business. The media also constantly seems to be keeping the spotlight on corporate abuses and malpractices. And even firms themselves appear to be increasing recognizing that being ethical (or at the very least being seen to be ethical) may actually be good for business. Ethical issues confront organizations whatever line of business they might be in. (Source; business ethics 2nd edition, author; Andrew Crane, Dirk matten.) In a word, it can be said that business ethical is very important to a business organization. It can help a business organization easily earning the respect of clients and win general acclaim. Contrary to the belief that social responsibility undermines businesses profitability goal, this actually help in generating profit through customer loyalty and good company image. For Kentucky Fried Chicken, the KFC Company must be able to ensure that the products that they offer are healthy and nutritional, so that it can make sure that Kentucky Fried Chicken can gain customer trust, loyalty, respect and the corporate image will be protected and developed.

Thoreaus Elements of American Romanticism Essay -- essays research pap

Elements of American Romanticism Henry David Thoreau pens his book Walden during a revolutionary period of time known as American Romanticism. The literary movement of American Romanticism began roughly between the years of 1830 and 1860. It is believed to be a chapter of time in which those who had been dissatisfied by the Age of Reason were revolting through works of literature. All elements of Romanticism are in sharp, abrupt contrast to those types of ideas such as empirical observation and rationality. An online article describes American Romanticism in the following manner, â€Å"They celebrated imagination/intuition versus reason/calculation, spontaneity versus control, subjectivity and metaphysical musing versus objective fact, revolutionary energy versus tradition, individualism versus social conformity, democracy versus monarchy, and so on† (Strickland). In 1845 during that period of time, Thoreau decides to spend two years of his life in an experiment with Mother Nature in a cabin at Walden Pond. H e tells exquisite tales of life in natural surroundings in his book, Walden, through a most primitive organic style. Walden is a key work of American Romanticism because of its embedded ideas of solitude, individualism, pantheism and intuition. Romanticism seeks nature as a means for obtaining knowledge, and while Thoreau heavily spends his time in the woods and around the pond by himself, he inevitably feels a sense of solitude. Solitude is not necessarily loneliness or intentional isolation of oneself. It is merely an acknowledgment of the fact that he or she is alone. Thoreau has his own thoughts about solitude in which he writes: In the midst of a gentle rain while these thoughts prevailed, I was suddenly sensible of such sweet and beneficent society in Nature, in the very pattering of the drops, and in every sound and sight around my house, an infinite and unaccountable friendliness all at once like an atmosphere sustaining me, as made the fancied advantages of human neighborhood insignificant, and I have never thought of them since. Every little pine needle expanded and swelled with sympathy and befriended me. (88-89) He acknowledges his distance from humanity in the preceding passage, yet he does not feel lonely because Nature upholds him. Additionally, he clearly states that the living organisms around him are what he dwells upon for his emotional su... ...ing Henry David Thoreau into a prominent American Romantic writer. Such elements include his writings about life in Nature having great solitude; he became friends with the surrounding plants and animals. Secondly, he wrote about what was occurring day to day at Walden’s Pond which showed him as being individualistic. Moreover, there was the idea that God can only be found in nature, and pantheism was constant idea in his book. Finally, Thoreau wrote about intuition as a means of obtaining knowledge, and his use of senses as a tool for building intuition. These ideas time and time again show the various aspects of Thoreau being portrayed as an American Romantic which has lead to a great historical achievement as a writer that he well deserves. Works Cited Harrison, Paul. â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions about Pantheism.† (1996). 10 December 2004 . Pohle, Nancy C. and Selover, Ellen L. â€Å"Awareness & Intuition.† 10 December 2004 . Stata, Raymie. â€Å"What is Individualism.† (1992). 10 December 2004 . Strickland, Brad. â€Å"AMERICAN ROMANTICISM (1828-1865) OVERVIEW.† (1997). 10 December 2004 . Thoreau, Henry David. Walden and Civil Disobedience. New York: W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1966.

Southern’s Middle Ages

Southern’s Middle Ages In the novel, â€Å"The Making of the Middle Ages,† author, R. W. Southern, calls attention to the events during the years of 972 and 1204, and how they  influenced the intellectual, religious and cultural traditions of our modern era. This period, lasting well over 200 years, is usually associated with waring knights and starving peasants rather than highly developed intellect and great innovation.However, Southern explains that there were considerable academic and sociological advancements made during this period, that go relatively unnoticed. He refers to these events as a â€Å"secret revolution† and explains that, â€Å"The significant events are often the obscure ones, and the significant utterances are often those of men withdrawn from the world and speaking to a very few. † (Pg. 13)   He reiterates this theme throughout the book, focusing primarily on Christianity, society, and thought.There can be no dispute that the pr ominence of Christianity, during the Middle Ages, has done more to shape the world, as it is today, than possibly any other religion. This is primarily because Christianity offered a unifying, stabilizing force throughout Europe, where a majority of areas had an â€Å"incoherent jumble of laws and customs, difficult to adjust to each other and hard even to understand. The survivals of barbaric codes of law jostled with varying mixtures of Roman law, local custom, and violence†. pg 15) Christendom provided Europe with a unified identity in language, government, and education. It is no great mystery that language plays an important role in the creation of personal relationships between individuals. So when applied on an international stage, language can mean the difference between war and peace. The church’s use of Latin acted as a merging factor in areas where people spoke in diverse and various dialects. As stated by Southern â€Å"This broad similarity of language fr om the lowlands of Scotland to Sicily was a real bond between men. (pg 17) The unifying quality of Latin not only bound men together linguistically, but also allowed those from different countries to move about freely with little or no language barrier. â€Å"The likenesses of language over this broad area were sufficiently pronounced to facilitate ease of movement both of men and of ideas: it took relatively few alterations to make a Provencal song intelligible in England, and a member of the English baronage could, without uch difficulty, make himself at home in Italy† (pg 20). As a side effect of the church being the one constant variable of the European continent, individual governments became subjugated to the power of the church. Christendom had developed such a loyal following that the peoples of the European nations, including those in power, were dependent on the church for moral and political authority. In this way, Christianity helped to unify countries that would otherwise be at odds with each other.Through the unification of these nations, the church grew to be the most commanding institution of Europe, enforcing that â€Å"all paid a form of tribute known as Peter’s Pence, which was the foundation of more or less determined claims to Papal overlordship; and when Bohemia finally became a kingdom, its new status was guaranteed by a Papal confirmation† (pg 27) The influence of the church was so great that all countries were reliant upon it, and were only recognized as sovereign nations, when determined as so, with the expressed confirmation of the Pope.Above all though, the most distinguishing impact that Christianity had, was a result of the crusades. Southern states that, â€Å"Even the Crusades only touched the fringe of this hostile world. But they had one great effect: they opened men’s minds to the size of the uncovered world. † (70) These wars brought people to the edges of their culture and introduced to th em to thier neighbors of the Muslim world where there was a literal collide and infusion of new thought, which Southern calls â€Å"The great period of acquisition†. pg 68) At this time, the advancement in the Muslim’s refined scientific knowledge and mathematic skills, which â€Å"had been intensively cultivated by Moslem Scholars† (65) were transferring and even being sought after by those in academia. The Jewish culture was instrumental as well in that they were effective in the translation of the two different languages. Maribel Dietz, author of â€Å"Wandering Monks,Virgins and Pilgrims† writes on the effects the journeys of the pilgrims had on not only the institutional church, but on society and thought.As stated in her novel â€Å"In an environment of religious, political, and social change, movement itself was now open to a multiplicity of meanings, interpretations, and purposes. †(pg 42) The crusades resulted in a surge of material and in tellectual wealth coming back to Europe from the front lines. Southern discusses the transfer of Muslim knowledge during these wars, Throughout his novel Southern looks at society and the individual. He writes about the importance certain groups and individuals within a particular community as well as the growth of society global scale.One particular group he writes about is women. Women, during this time period, were often given very little recognition. However, the power they wielded during the middle ages was far greater than many have been led to believe. Henry Chaucer often wrote on the subject of women. In his famous poem â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† he gives an in depth look at the power that women held. In one particular section of the poem the wife of bath describes a great deal of her life, omitting very little detail.She describes herself as being a strong woman who makes a habit of manipulating her husbands. â€Å"I will have a husband who will be both my debtor a nd servant, and have his tribulation upon his flesh, while I am his wife. As long as I live I, and not he, have the power over his body. † Regardless of the fact that history shows men as having all the power, in reality women held a great deal of power often through the manipulation of men. While Southern does not address the manipulation of men by women as Chaucer does, he does address the binding nature of marriage.He states in one passage â€Å"the way for this diffusion of rules of conduct and guides to statesmanship was prepared by something less tangible than ideals – it was prepared by the bond of marriage. † During the time in which Southern is writing about, marriage was more that just an expression of love by two individuals. It was an event that could mean the literal difference between life and death. The marriage of a couple was a binding of two families and often two nations if the individuals being married were nobles. In particular he focuses on the influence women have in marriage.Women during this time were married to men for many reasons, each having some sociopolitical ramification. Often times they would leave their home country as a result of a marriage which meant that they were immersed in a new culture, absorbing new ideas as well as spreading ideas from their own homeland. Southern makes a point of this by stating â€Å"Women were less rooted in the soil than men; they brought new influences from distant parts and established bonds between men of little or no identity of purpose or of interest. † This bonding of men from different cultures through women could and did have vast ramifications on society as a whole.One such example is that of Agnes of Aquitaine who was married the King of Germany, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry the 3rd. 13 years after their marriage in 1056 Agnes was left widowed and became regent for her infant son. Her reign lasted for 6 years at the end of which she was run out by an upr ising. After her reign ended she became well known for her religious devotion and was the chief ambassador between the Papal court and her son, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry the 4th. She was well known and had considerable influence in the political world. The case Agnes is just one of many that show the power women held during the this time period.Southern moves from the world of women and marriage into the world of men and the nuances of class that men could hold. A common term used when talking about class in the middle ages is the term serf. A serf was a person who was essentially a volintary slave who worked for a lord or religious institution, often working the land and paying a portion of their harvest to their master. It was also possible to be born into serfdom if one was born to parents who were serfs or were promised by their parents to a lord or institution. Education during the middle ages is often seen as something that was essentially non-existant.While it is true that it was more difficult to learn, as a result of geographic restrictions, the enthusiatic pursuit of knowledge never ceased or deminished during this time period. St. Augustine wrote the De Doctrina Christiana, which Southern refers to as â€Å"the most comprehensive syllabus of Christian Studies. †(pg 170) Augustine’s book outlines the way that science is too be used to better understand the bible. It is at this time during the middle ages when science and religion not only go hand in hand, but are practically indistinguishable from each other.And it is not until Boethius attempts to revive the ideas and philosophy of ancient Greece and Rome that this system began to change. Boethius’s dream to translate Greek science and philosophy into Latin, was the precurser to the renaissance and inspired others such as Gerbert, who revived the art of rhetoric. It is at this point that one can begin to see the shift from Augustine’s combination of science and religion i nto a new era when the two begin to split. Southern calls itâ€Å"the divorce between Divine and Secular learning† (pg 173) .What started out as a way of understanding religion was becoming a secular endevoure. Southern, R. W. The Making of The Middle Ages. Fredericksburg, Virgina: BookCrafters, Inc. , 1953. (accessed November 4, 2012). toatinthe Ancien Early in the period covered by this novel scientific knowledge was something that went hand in hand with the search for biblical truth. St. Augustine was wrote on this subject stating that clergy should use science to better interpret the meaning of the bible, and theological studies where indistinguishable with scientific.This changed later on when (insert name here) began to draw a p The majority of the european continent consisted of a rural and uneducated society, with diverse political and religious practices, besieged by violent invaders. Conclusion â€Å"Countries which , in 972, appeared so menacing had become by the end of our period an integral part, and to all appearances a permanent part, of Western Christendom† (pg 27) education the popes kings and emperors united in defensive of the perceived threat of islam and roaming tribes