Research Paper on QR Code Essay Example

Examination Paper on QR Code Essay QR-code (shortened form for a brisk reaction code) is a two-dimensional standardized identification, created and introduced by the Japanese organization â€Å"Denso-Wave† in 1994. The enormous fame of standardized identifications in Japan has prompted the way that the measure of data encoded in it before long got lacking. The Japanese started to explore different avenues regarding better approaches for encoding limited quantities of data in a realistic picture. Not at all like the old standardized tag, which was checked with a slender pillar, QR Code is characterized by the sensor as a two-dimensional picture. Three square at the edges of the picture and littler squares nonstop code grant to standardize the size and direction of the picture and the point of the sensor in identify with the picture surface. The focuses are converted into twofold numbers with confirmation by checksum. We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on QR Code explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Research Paper on QR Code explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on QR Code explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The primary bit of leeway of QR Code is a simple comprehensibility to for filtering gadgets (counting cell phone camera), which permits to utilize it in the exchange, assembling, and coordinations. The most extreme number of characters that a QR-Code can contain: characters-7089; characters and images †4296; double code †2953 bytes; hieroglyphics †1817. In spite of the fact that the term  «QR codeâ » is an enlisted trademark of the DENSO Corporation, the utilization of the standardized identification isn't dependent upon any permit fees,and is depicted and distributed under ISO measures. The detail of QR code doesn't portray the information position. The most mainstream QR codes watchers bolster the accompanying information positions: URL, bookmarks, Email (with the headline), SMS, meCard, vCard, and geographic arrange framework. What's more, a few projects may not perceive GIF, JPG, PNG, or MID documents with a size under 4k and the scrambled content, however these configurations have not gotten prevalence. QR Codes are the most widely recognized in Japan, a nation where the standardized identifications had so much prominence that the measure of data encoded in the code, before long stopped to suit the business. Toward the start of 2000 QR codes were so far reaching in Japan that they can be found on countless banners, bundles, and products. Driving Japanese portable administrators advertised mutually under their own image cell phones with worked in help for QR code acknowledgment. Right now being broadly circulated in Asia (particularly in Japan), QR code is step by step acknowledged in Europe and North America. As indicated by the examination directed by comScore in 2011, 20 million individuals in the U.S. utilized cell phones to examine the QR codes. Notwithstanding that, in Japan and Austria QR codes are additionally utilized by burial grounds and contain data about the perished. We firmly prescribe you to concentrate free example research paper subjects on QR code. This examination will permit you to comprehend the method of the best possible exploration proposition creating. Additionally, they will show you how to introduce the consequences of your work in good light. Is it accurate to say that you are searching for a first class exclusively composed exploration paper on QR Code points? Is secrecy as imperative to you as the high caliber of the item? Attempt our composing administration at EssayLib.com! We can offer you proficient help at moderate rates. Our accomplished PhD and Master’s essayists are prepared to consider your littlest requests. We promise you 100% legitimacy of your paper and guarantee you of dead on time conveyance. Continue with the request structure: It would be ideal if you don't hesitate to visit us at EssayLib.com and get familiar with our administration!

Lab assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lab task - Essay Example We know that during the day of atonement, God will pass judgment on us in agreement to our activities. Subsequently, in my own view, everything lives in God similarly as the article recommends. Pentecostalism as recommended by the article â€Å"The Origins and Impact of Pentecostalism† began from the times of the missionaries in the day of the Pentecost. The section at that point spread to different pieces of the world, winning numerous adherents. As per Fisher (2013) â€Å"Over time, this custom has ï ¬â€šowered into various gatherings, including fun-damentalists, mainline Protestant evangelicals, the Holiness development, and Pentecostals.† Although there are challenges in deciding reality of the hypothesis, I decided to accept that Pentecostalism started from some place. Be that as it may, I can't completely agree with the creator on its underlying start. Jesus educated through various ways, for example, through anecdotes and wonders. In any case, all through his lessons, he gave a great deal of accentuation on three columns that he viewed as the most fundamental in the lives of people. Jesus instructed around three most significant columns that are generally critical to a person, which incorporate nobility, supplication, and fasting. The article likewise recommends that on the off chance that we atone God excuses of our transgressions as the article proposes, â€Å"Those who genuinely repentâ€even on the off chance that they are the loathed cost authorities, whores, or uninformed regular peopleâ€are bound to get God’s pardoning than are simply the scholarly and righteous† (Fisher, 2013). By and by, I overcome with this as Jesus accentuated that no transgression is too large to be excused. The delights as Jesus instructed are characteristics of life that expansion our joy just as causes us to get more gifts from God. In the event that we follow the delights, we increment our relationship with God and this improves our inward satisfaction. Fisher (2013) proposes that â€Å"that the individuals who viewed themselves as prevalent were more at chances with God than the individuals who knew about their sins†, which

Fifty Shades of Break

Fifty Shades of Break Its that time of the year where everything winds down and you might have little control over how things turn out. Its rough. More and more towards the end of high school, my friends and I would religiously check the results of a semester, year, or lifes worth of effort. It boiled down to a desperate attempt to see an online grade, a college decision, or how many likes our Facebook profile pictures were getting. At the end of it all, we were usually left with a mixed bag of news (it turns out I am incredibly unphotogenic). Blurred for your own safety. (Just kidding, my boyfriend doesnt know how to use my camera.) And although I had a lot of fun sitting with some of my closest friends around town at odd hours, it was hard for anyone to come out of that situation with purely good feelings. I dont regret the fretting but if I had the chance to take all the time I spent fidgeting, being anxious, overloading servers and stress eating Doritos, I wouldve done something else with it. And at this point in your year (assuming that youre a high school senior and you never again want to figure out how to condense your life into 100 words or less), Im assuming youre exhausted. I was. So I suggest two courses of action in no particular order: 1)    Find a project that you are really passionate about and think about how youll start it during winter break. Plan on seeing it through next semester and hopefully into the summer. Find an area in the community you really care about, try to build an operating system, cure cancer, practice slam poetry, etc. But find something you really love, even if its something youve never tried before. It’s an amazing time to get a head start on something that you might be able to continue into the next year. 2)    Expose yourself to new ideas, places and things. I don’t know how well I can help you with number one, but I have a place to start for number two. Here are 50 Shades of Break. This is a collection of the favorite study breaks of our very own bloggers some funny, some thoughtful, some beautiful and some a little crazy. I encourage you to try them all. To laugh, learn, and maybe discover a new interest or two. Connie 1) Question the state of humanity at http://theworstthingsforsale.com/ 2) Embrace your inner hipster by listening to music your friends have never heard of at http://hypem.com/ 3) Read some entertaining but mostly obnoxious pieces at http://thoughtcatalog.com/ 4) Spend all your money on tasteful handmade things at http://etsy.com/ 5) Admire gorgeous design at http://dribbble.com/ Natnael 6) Play Winterbells http://www.ferryhalim.com/orisinal/g3/bells.htm 7) Relax with a night of Zombocom http://zombo.com/ 8) Watch Dozens of Five Second Films http://5secondfilms.com/ 9) Earn some Achievements on codeacademy http://www.codecademy.com/ 10) Learn a new language (of the programming variety) by doing Euler Problems http://projecteuler.net/ Anna 11) Writing (currently: spamming the MIT admissions site) 12) Singing loudly to, Disney music (currently: the Prince of Egypt soundtrack. more specifically, this song, this song, and this song) 13) Going for a long walk with a close friend who doesnt share the same stressor (I used to underestimate the importance of that last part.) 14) Playing Ultimate Frisbee, or badminton. 15) Watching these kittens (which used to mean tuning into a live stream, but now means rewatching old parts of the feed, since they were all adopted.) Kirsten 16) Going on pinterest and finding noms that I want to bake for people 17) Find ways to divert all the sugar into cups (http://www.mathplayground.com/logic_sugarsugar.html) 18) Making all the dots as small as possible and finding a cute animal in the process (http://koalastothemax.com/) 19) Stepping away from my laptop to walk around and take photos. Sharing them with other people online is definitely the best part though (: 20) Do something randomly nice for someone you havent hung out with in a long time. Emad (who suggested the brilliant title for this post) 21) Going through Epicurious and just finding something to cook one day / weekend 22) Dr. McNinja (my spirit animal, in certain ways; hes a doctor whos also a ninja, ) 23) 5 second films! So many of these films would probably cause my extended, rather traditional family to judge me hardcore. This recent, good one probably wouldnt, though! 24) Catching up with people over Chipotle, Trident, or some other combination of good food 25) And since Im struggling to come up with just five things, readingwritingrhymingarmchairphilosophizingNetflix. Ana 26) Telling people that I have shark teeth, nodding in response to their disbelief, showing them my shark teeth, and watching their reaction. (The best ones come from kids. lol) 27) Pondering about life. Asking myself why I do the things I do. Taking walks across the bridge at night while periodically squinting my eyes at the river (because when you do that and theres lots of colored lights in Boston, it looks magical.) AND Writing poetry about it all. Possibly gushy, but very to-the-core. If theres any methodology to my being happy, its this. 28) Baking things for people! (past experience includes glass-sprinkled brownies due to thermal shock), Flailing/jumping fanning alarms every time I forget I had something on the stove. I also like restaurants. a lot. *sheepish grin* 29) Being sore from running after a long time of not running. 30) Talking to strangers at the Cambridge Galleria. (Ive only done this once, with a friend. It was awesome! I asked all kinds of people what superpower theyd want to have. Responses included everything from ending poverty, to having all of the candy that exists in the world and not sharing with anyone.) Elizabeth (shared more than her top 5 and ruined everything just kidding we love her) 31) http://thehonesttoddler.com 32) http://www.nietzschefamilycircus.com/ and http://wernerhedgehog.tumblr.com/ and http://hipsterhitler.com/ 33) http://prairiehome.publicradio.org/ 34) http://cakewrecks.blogspot.com/ Always. 35) Science http://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/ a. Hilarious sports gifs, mainly supplied by Buzzfeed http://www.buzzfeed.com/jpmoore/the-best-gifs-of-the-nfls-fourth-week b. Farting around with people who very strangely put up with me. Occasionally this involves a social outing. More often than not, it just involves Nerf Guns or me doing very obnoxious things like blasting Fleetwood Macs Gypsy repeatedly because its my finals jam (sorry Im not sorry!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) and I am a bad friend. c. Reading, but rarely fiction because I am soulless. d. Playing music, but mostly listening to and watching musicians who are much better than me. e. I really like making people laugh. Like, I REALLY like making people laugh. I really like watching people laugh. It makes me laugh, which is also something I enjoy a lot. I have a problem. This is why I have no dignity. Welp. f. Sometimes I like cooking, but I like eating better. g. Momming out and reminding people to make good life decisions. h. Putting off writing lab reports by e-mailing nifty people. i. Making listz j. Listening to Liszt k. Help me l. I cant m. Stop Rachel 36) Go for a run along the river (Until 5 weeks ago when I ran too much and got a stress fracture in my foot :/ ) 37) Cuddle with a cat 38) Listen to music and find new music (Yay spotify!) 39) Find people on hall/in the dorm who are doing something exciting (climbing, building, watching movies, eating free food, finding free food, getting things posted on reuse first, baking, doing science, having spontaneous dance parties, having neon chalk wars, singing, cuddling cats, etc.) 40) Bake/cook something awesome for hall Chris Peterson 41) Rock Climbing 42) Cards Against Humanity 43) Wandering around IKEA 44) TheChive.com 45) Improvisational Cookery Natasha 46) This American Life and The Moth podcasts 47) www.bloglovin.com 48) Climbing on furniture and pretending the floor is lava 49) Bananagrams And finally, 50) Do these with your friends. And document it, preferably with embarrassing cell phone pictures and a facebook status. Let us know how some of these adventures turn out for you. :)

Essay On Salsa - 1201 Words

Salsa It originated from the blending and unity of the Cuban music to that of Puerto Rico and the combination of the jazz culture of New York City. Salsa means ‘sauce, meaning that the name was derived from a strongly flavored sauce. The name was appropriate since salsa music is a ‘sauce’ because of the mixture of other styles of Cuban music with a Puerto Rican influence Salsa dance was born after the slaves were given freedom to dance to their rhythms on the streets. Those people who performed these dances were known as ‘sonterios. The music had a complex rhythm well-known as ‘Toques’ from the drums. Salsa is not old. It is reasonably new but its musical roots date back to centuries. It was not known to people until 40 years ago when†¦show more content†¦The mixture leads to a widespread racial syncretism that in turn leads to a racial discrimination among people. Several terms were used for discriminatory purposes for example ‘mullatoà ¢â‚¬â„¢ meaning a small mull, ‘creole’ which meant that a person was raised by the master of the house, and ‘morisco’ which meant a person whose ancestry is one-quarter black. Many of these terms can be offensive to the modern sensibilities. The terms have derogatory implications that offer allude to cultural or even biological inferiority. The enlightened modern society acknowledges the socio-historical constructions of races and no longer embrace these distinctions but rather consider ethnicity regarding historical, social, economic, political, and the cultural characteristics. The calypso music that comes from a Trinidad musician is exciting, not on the ground of the blood that he carries in his veins but rather the historical, cultural, and religious favors that are brought together to ensure its production. The Emergence of African Culture The world wars had hit the Europeans so hard that they seriously and urgently needed a source of labor that would help in the rebuilding of their cities and mine their minerals such as coal, gold, and silver among others. They decide to turn to Africa for this labor and therefore, slave trade was born in the middle of the 15th century on the continent. The first batch of slaves was imported to Cuba. TheShow MoreRelatedSalsa Essay901 Words   |  4 Pagesinto Salsa music. For example, Willie Colon introduced the Cuatro from Puerto Rico which is a stringed instrument to add flavor to this music. Songs backed with Jazz, Rock tunes from Brazil and Panama. Celia Cruz one the most celebrated icon of Salsa was able to incorporate an electric piano making Salsa move with the changing times. Jazz elements were also added to Salsa music by Eddie Palmieri. He brought in Manny a renowned percussionist. The 1980s was also a year of transformation in Salsa musicRead MoreSalsa Dancing Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesSalsa Dancing Robert and his wife, Lucy, decide to take dance classes at a local Salsa dance club. They used to go to ballroom dance classes at the same club some years ago. Because Salsa dancing has become so popular, they book the classes in advance. On the back of the receipt a printed clause says â€Å"For terms and conditions please see notices in the club†. On the inside of the club door a large notice is pinned up. The notice Read More Physics of Salsa Dancing Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesSalsa has become an ever more popular dance in the United States, especially with the emergence of Latin artists including Marc Anthony, Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, and Shakira. Go to any club or ballroom dance and you will hear a pulsating beat moving you out of your chair and onto the floor. Even Broadway has been affected by Latin music. For instance, Cell Block Tango in the smash hit Chicago has a driving Latin beat. It doesnt matter if you are partying in Miami or sipping martinis in MassachusettsRead MoreEssay on History of Rumba, Merengue and Salsa1379 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"’dance was a primary instrument of survival’.† As such a vital part of cultural traditions, dance plays and integral role in the history culture. Three of the most influential styles of dance in the Caribbean are the Rumba, The Merengue, and the Salsa. The word Rumba is defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as â€Å"a ballroom dance of Haitian and Dominican origin in 2/4 time in which one foot is dragged on every step.† Here, however, Rumba is a collection of percussive rhythms, song and danceRead MoreModern Family Facial Nonverbal Communication951 Words   |  4 Pageshim that she wants to move back home for the next semester. In another scene, Clair, Luke and Haley Dunphy attempt to release Phil’s ducks until they realize the reason why Phil is keeping the ducks around. Lastly, Gloria and Cam attempt to make salsa for a gift basket. This episode holds many chances to observe facial nonverbal cues to discover the ways emotion is shown through television. With that mentioned, I chose to observe how the characters within Modern Family communicated their emotionsRead MoreIts Hard Enough Being Me By Anna Lisa Raya886 Words   |  4 PagesIn the student essay â€Å"It’s Hard Enough Being Me† writt en by Anna Lisa Raya, the author portrays herself as a credible source for understanding the role of identity in an educational setting. Raya then appeals to an audience of Latinos and other minorities through her emotions such as stating, â€Å"I had never questioned who I was or where I was from† (Raya 121). In the end, she resolves the life-longing issues of identity crisis and cultural shock by staying true to herself and â€Å"Soy yo and no one else†¦Punto†Read MoreCharacteristics of a Great Leader851 Words   |  3 Pages In order to be a leader, a leader must have several characteristics such as easy to communicate with people, determined, optimistic, good listener, responsible, passionate, quick thinking, honesty, perseverance, and care for people. Bordas’s â€Å"Salsa, Soul, and Spirit†, utilizes diverse cultures as a way to demonstrate the concept of leadership. By defining leadership through diverse cultures, it illustrates an idealistic perception of leadership and emphasize for those who seek to possess thisRead MoreReflection Paper On Dance760 Words   |  4 Pagesand the role of interpretation and criticism. However, due to the restriction of the class topics to professional dance, many aspects of dance in New York City were necessarily left untouched. Inspired by the create your own Dance in New York City essay prompt and David Leventhal’s presentation on the Dance for PD Program, I am particularly interested in envisioning a Barnard class that focuses on how dance in New York City functions outside of the professional realm. Thinking of dance as somethingRead MoreCulture Essay653 Words   |  3 PagesCulture Essay People in our world all come from an ethnic background, whether if the ethnicity is White American, African American, American Indian, Asian, and Hispanics our experiences and perceptions represent the values and decisions that are made in our life. This concept comes from the cultural that was taught and developed from after birth and through our adolescent years. In this paper, I will first explore the true meaning of culture, second I will then state what kind of culture I practiceRead MoreCreative Dance7322 Words   |  30 Pagesof Creative Dances * SALSA Salsa is normally a partner dance, although there are forms such as a line dance form Salsa suelta, where the dancers dance individually and a round dance form Rueda de Casino where multiple couples exchange partners in a circle. Salsa can be improvised or performed with a set routine. Salsa is a popular social dance throughout South America as well as in North America, Europe, Australia, and some countries in Asia and the Middle East. Salsa dances are commonly held

Evolution of Hair Color

Imagine a world with only brunettes in it. That was the world when the first human ancestors first started to appear as primates adapted and speciation created the lineage that would eventually lead to our modern-day humans. It is believed the very first hominids lived on the continent of Africa. Since Africa is directly on the equator, sunlight shines directly down throughout the entire year. This impacted evolution as it drove the natural selection of pigments in humans as dark as possible. Dark pigments, like melanin, help block harmful ultraviolet rays from penetrating into the body through the skin and hair. The darker the skin or hair, the more protected from the sunlight the individual is. Once these human ancestors started migrating to other places throughout the world, the pressure to select for skin and hair colors as dark as possible let up and lighter skin colors and hair colors became much more common. In fact, once the human ancestors reached latitudes as high north as what is known today as the Western European and Nordic countries, skin color had to be much lighter in order for the individuals living there to get enough Vitamin D from the sunlight. While darker pigmentation in skin and hair block unwanted and harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun, it also blocks other components of sunlight that are necessary for survival. With as much direct sunlight as countries along the equator get on a daily basis, capturing Vitamin D is not an issue. However, as human ancestors migrated farther north (or south) of the equator, the amount of daylight varied throughout the year. In the winter, there were very few daylight hours in which the individuals could get out and ob tain the necessary nutrients. Not to mention it was also cold during these times which made it even more unappealing to get out during the daylight at all. As these populations of migrating human ancestors settled in these colder climates, pigments in the skin and hair started to fade and give way to new color combinations. Since hair color is polygenic, many genes control the actual phenotype of hair color in humans. That is why there are so many different shades of colors seen in different populations throughout the world. While it is possible that skin color and hair color are at least somewhat linked, they are not so closely linked that various combinations are not possible. Once these new shades and colors emerged in various areas around the world, it started to be less of a natural selection of traits than a sexual selection. Studies have been done to show that the less abundant any given hair color is in the gene pool, the more attractive they tend to be for suitors. This is thought to have led to the proliferation of blonde hair in Nordic areas, which favored as little pigment as possible for maximum absorption of Vitamin D. Once blonde hair began to be seen on individuals in the area, their mates found them more attractive than the others who had dark hair. Over several generations, blonde hair became much more prominent and proliferated over time. The blonde Nordics continued to migrate and found mates in other areas and hair colors blended. Red hair is most likely the result of a DNA mutation somewhere along the line. Neanderthals also most likely had lighter hair colors than those of their Homo sapien relatives. There was thought to be some gene flow and cross-breeding of the two different species in the European areas. This probably led to even more shades of the different hair colors.

Is It Better to Be a Member of a Group Than to Be the Leader Free Essays

ESSAY Do you agree with the following statement? It is better to be a member of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. I personally disagree with the statement that it is better to be a member of a group than a leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Is It Better to Be a Member of a Group Than to Be the Leader? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is true that being a member is certainly much more comfortable, as you have less responsibility, and you are not the one who makes the final decisions. Also, some people may be too shy, too reserved or not charismatic enough to become a leader. However, in my opinion, a leader is a member too, but a leader does more. First of all, a leader takes responsibility for making decisions and guiding the others in a certain direction. The second reason is that if you take the responsibility of being the leader, you are more active. Thus, your participation in the group is much more interesting and exciting. You are more concerned about what is happening around you, and you do not just wait for other people to do everything. In other words, you are not passive, and you get involved. Finally, if you are a good leader, then the others will respect you, and gaining people’s respect is important if you want to have a good place in society. As a conclusion, I would say that, to me, it is more interesting to be a leader than to be only a member, as it can be so much more stimulating and enriching for your personal and professional life. How to cite Is It Better to Be a Member of a Group Than to Be the Leader?, Essay examples

Interest Bearing Securities Role in Portfolio Management

Question: Discuss about the Interest Bearing Securities for Role in Portfolio Management. Answer: Introduction: Money market is a segment of the financial market where the securities are traded for shorter term and the risk associated with the money market is comparatively lower than the capital market. On the other hand, capital market is that section of the financial, market where the securities are traded for longer term and the risk is higher than the money market. The securities, which yield interest, are referred as the interest bearing securities. There are two types of interest bearing securities. One is fixed interest-bearing securities and the other is variable interest securities. The key interest rate in the capital market includes interest on public corporation bonds, government bonds, and rates on deposit of long-term debentures (Cook et al. 2012). The interest bearing securities in the money market include Treasury bill, commercial paper, certificate of deposits, money market bonds. The interest rate is the yield, which is paid to the owner of the securities. There are different kinds of interest bearing securities depending upon the issuer of the instruments. The rate on such securities is guaranteed in terms of the real interest rate because it also takes into account the inflation rate. Discussion: There are different types of interest bearing securities. The securities to be issued depends on various factors such as the security offered by the loan issuer, maturity, the type of interest payments, nature of the issuer. The interest bearing financial instruments has a receivables right on the issuer of the loan. The return on such borrowed amount is given in the form of interest, which is also known as coupon. The coupon is either paid at a floating rate or fixed rate, which again depends upon the choice of the issuer. When the fixed rate loan is issued, then the interest is fixed for the whole term of the borrowing period (Faure 2015). On the other hand, in case of floating rate, the rate is fixed for three months and it is fixed four times on the basis of NIBOR interest rate. Some bonds are issued at zero interest rate. The various types of interest bearing securities are as follows: Debentures: A debenture is a type of the debt instruments which is issued by the company which are raised for meeting the upcoming expenses and the short term capital. A debenture has a convertibility feature, which is attractive to the investors but yield lower interest rate. On the other hand, debentures which cannot be converted into equity bears higher interest rates. It is issued ,by corporations and companies that is secured by the general credit of the corporation rather than secured by specific assets (Canzoneri et al. 2012). Bonds: Bonds are such financial instruments in which the issuer owes a certain amount of debt to the holder of the bonds and is under the obligation of paying interest rate as well as the principal amount at later date. The issue of bond is done at some fixed terms and the interest rate is paid at the fixed interval, it can be monthly, semi monthly, annually, and sometimes monthly. The public sector unit, corporate and the financial institutions typically issue bonds. There are several types of bonds such as executive bonds, tax savings bonds, institutional bonds, emerging market bonds , company bonds. The company bonds are at better quantity of risk because it is mainly dependant on the business enterprise. Such bonds are considered risks free which are issued mostly by the governments and countries. These bonds are considered risk free with respect to being redeemed at value, which is predetermined. However, there are always some amounts of default risk associated with the securities. In this regard, the bond issuer pays to the bond holder some amount of risk premium or it may provide some collateral to the buyer of the bonds. The bond is redeemed as it has defined maturity term and the bond holder represent the creditor stake in the company issuing bonds (Cumming et al. 2014). Certificate of deposits: This is a financial product, which is issued by the banks, and this instruments is transferrable. The certificate of deposits is the registered form of funds, is regarded as the marketable form of receipts, and is deposited in a bank at specified interest rates. This negotiable instrument is transferrable and should not have a maturity less than seven days and it should not be more than one year. This financial instrument is liquid, bearing fixed interest rate, liquid and riskless money market instrument. It can be issue to associations, individual, corporation and trusts (Goyenko 2013). Treasury bills: Treasury bills are the discounted securities and are the borrowing instrument of the shorter term provided by the Government of India. The investors would be able to park their short-term surplus and at the same time, it would help in minimizing the market risks. It is interest bearing instrument which helps in raising the funds for capital and the amount to return is guaranteed along with the interest payment. It comes with the zero risk of default as they are the liabilities of the Government of India. This provides the liquid market instrument to the investors. Investors can purchase T- bills of different maturities period depending upon the requirements of the investors (Chordia et al. 2013). Commercial paper: It is also one of the instruments of the money market, which is issued, by the corporations and large bank in order to meet the short-term obligations. The payment of the face value at the maturity is specified on the note and is promised by the issuing authority. This instrument is sold at a value lesser than the face value that is it is sold at a discount value. If the maturity on the note is higher, then the issuing institution is liable to pay higher interest rate. The interest rates are typically lower than the interest which bank pays. However, the rate fluctuated with the market scenario (Fong et al. 2015). Inter corporate deposits: It is a type of loan, which is extended by one corporate to another. However, it is not secured. The interest rate in this type of market is higher than the rates in the market and this is because the costs of funds for the corporate are higher than the banks. This type of security carries high amount of risks and is unsecured and the risk premium are built into rates. Risks faced by the investors in investing in interest bearing securities: The risks associated with the interest bearing securities arise due to the change in the price, which might happen during the holding period. It happens because there is a change in the market interest rate. The other part of risk arises from the default of the issuer regarding the repayment of the loan amount. Such securities are comparatively less risky on which full security are provided for payment. However, the loss of risk on the interest bearing securities is quite lower than that of the shares and stocks available in the capital market. When the market interest rate rises , the interest bearing instruments issued previously will fall if they have fixed rate of interest (Stigum 2013). This is because there is higher interest return on such loans as the loans issued in the current period would follow the market rates. On the other hand, the price of the instruments, which have been issued previously, would rise when there is a fall in the market interest rates. The various bond s are classified with regard to the credit risks as provided by the international rating agencies. Various types of risks faced by the holder of interest bearing securities: Market risks: this type of risk is related to the market and it is the risk that the market for such security says bond would fall which decline the value of the bonds and this would would fall regardless to the securities fundamental characteristics. Interest rate risks: the interest bearing securities such as Treasury bills suffers from the interest rate risks. When the interest risk rises, the market value for debt tends to fall making it problematic for the investors to liquidate. This would definitely leads to loss on investments. Selection risks: The risk associated with the investment in the chosen securities cannot be anticipated sometimes. This leads to the securities to underperform. The portfolio managers while selecting the securities to include in the portfolio mostly face this type of risk (Cumming et al. 2014). Default risk: the risk is associated with the securities regarding making default in the repayment of the principal amount. The issuer can make default in the payment of the loan amount due to several reasons and if it is possible if the payment is not as per the documentation. Inflation risks: the inflation risk affects the purchasing power of the investors. Since, there exists an inverse relationship between the price of bonds and the rate of interest. The interest rated becomes high due to inflation and this leads to fall in the bond price. Liquidity risks: the holder of the security may find it difficult to liquidate the security and he might not be able to find the seller to sell off the securities. This would force him to sell the security at a lower price than the market value that is he would be compelled to sell it at the discounted price. Such type of bonds suffers from liquidity risk which has been downgraded or which is issued by the infrequent issuer or which has a lower credit rating. Role of interest bearing securities in portfolio management: One of the important and vital strategies of investment is inclusion of the interest bearing securities in the portfolio of the investors. This would help in stabilizing the portfolio. The volatility of the portfolio would be reduced to a significant level if the interest bearing securities such as bonds, fixed income securities form a part of the investors portfolio. The portfolio of the investors could be diversified by including such assets class and the diversification helps in mitigating the risks of the portfolio to some extent. If the portfolio risk is lower, then it would help in moderating downturn which would help the investors in focusing on their long term goals rather than reacting to the market movements which is for shorter term. Such securities would provide favorable return characteristics. The optimal portfolio is created when the investors considers the relation between the return and risks. Including interest bearing securities would provide meaningful diversifica tion , this happens when the securities such as bonds are low , then the investor needs to buy the bonds and sell off the stocks. This would provide a way to rebalance the portfolio (Martinsuo 2013). Asset allocation: Allocations of the assets are the primary delivery of the portfolio performance. In comparison to the security selection, market timing and other factors, the majority of the portfolio performance comes from the allocation of the assets. The important factor in determining the asset allocation is the risk tolerance level, that is the amount of risk, which the investor is able to tolerate in order to achieve the investment goals (Chang and Tian 2016). Let us consider an example, if the investor is expecting 8% return and it is recommended that 70% of investment is made in the aggressive stocks and 30% is made in the defensive stocks. The asset allocation can be revised to 60% and 40% if the stock performance is not good and more investment should be made in the government bonds and cash equivalent. Convexity: The changes in the duration with respect to the changes in the interest rate are given by the convexity. The price and the yield of the bonds yield a convex relation. The changes in the price of the fixed income securities with respect to changes in the interest rate are given by the convexity. A bond of 8% is less sensitive to 6% bond. If the yield of the bond falls to a low level, then there would be negative convexity. Therefore, the duration would decrease when the yield decreases. However, not all the convexity is beneficial to the portfolio. If the security exhibit positive convexity, then the bond price would appreciate if the interest rate falls. The portfolio managers can implement in the portfolio, the strategy of adding the positive convexity to hedge against the declining rate of interest (Nyawata 2013). Duration and immunization: The portfolio is immunized from the risk of changes in the rate of interest by using the duration. It is an important tool, which depicts the sensitivity of the portfolio towards the interest rate. Duration analysis helps in measuring the risks associated with the interest bearing securities. A concept of technique gap management is introduced in the duration in order to manage the risk of the portfolio. When such securities serve to lengthen the asset class liabilities, the duration gap tends to reduce. The task of the portfolio manager is to immunize the funds of the accumulated value against the interest rate movement at some future date. The portfolio ability to meet the investment obligations would remain unaffected, when the liabilities and assets are matched duration wise. Recommendation: The proportion of the interest bearing securities in the portfolio should be less or more than the stocks is dependent on the nature of the investors. If the investor is risk lover, then he would seek investing in aggressive stocks, on the other hand, if he is risk averse, he would include interest bearing securities in the portfolio. However, the decision is also influenced by the macroeconomic factors. The capital market instruments instrument has more risk of loss compare to the interest bearing instruments. Therefore, the risks adverse investors should invest in government bonds, treasury bills, commercial paper. The investors while making investment should consider the return on investment and the credit rating. However, the average return form investment in the interest bearing securities is found to be lower and stable. If the bonds were yielding the higher return, it would be associated with the higher risk the investor is compensated with the higher return for the additional risks he is undertaking. Conclusion: It is a general tendency that the investors are always keen on investing in the less risky securities for the longer term. The investors should appoint the service of the portfolio managers for managing it, as there is some sort of risks associated with the interest bearings securities. The portfolio is rebalanced after gauging the performance of the securities and then the asset allocation is done. 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